STUDY OF EXTERNAL SIGNS AND ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF HERBS, ROOTS, AND FRUITS OF CRAMBE ABYSSINICA HOCHST., RHIZOMES OF GYNOSTEMMA PENTAPHYLLUM THUNB. AND SOME GROUPS OF BIOLOGICAL COMPOUNDS

The objective of the research is studying the appearance and anatomical characteristics of various morphological groups of Crambe abyssinica (leaves, flowers, fruits and roots) and rhizomes of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and chemical composition using macro-, microscopic and phytochemical methods.

Material and methods. The main diagnostic signs of the studied objects and their frequency of manifestation (%) were determined, the results of which can serve as an indicator of the quality of raw materials. The data of quantitative determination of some biologically active substances are also presented: polysaccharides (gravimetric method), ascorbic acid (titrimetric method), tannins (titrimetric method) and saponins (spectrophotometric method).

Results. According to the results of quantitative determination of biological compounds, it turned out that in the herb of C. abyssinica harvested during the flowering phase, their greatest accumulation occurs. In the rhizomes of G. pentaphyllum, the predominant biological compound was saponins of the triterpene series in terms of β-escin. The obtained results of the study of the appearance and anatomical structure, as well as the quantitative content of biological compounds of C. abyssinica and G. pentaphyllum, can later be used in the selection of medicinal raw materials from the studied morphological groups and their standardization for the purpose of their introduction into medical practice.

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