BLADDER MICROBIOME AND BLADDER CANCER
Abstract
A microbiome is a collection of microorganisms found in a specific biological environment. A number of scientists have proven that dysbiosis (a violation of the composition of the microbiome) can be associated with the development of many diseases. Until recently, studies on the bladder microbiome have not been conducted. Previously, it was believed that the bladder of healthy people does not contain microorganisms. But with the development of molecular biology, this statement has been questioned. The discovery of the bladder microbiome made it clear that this microflora may play a role in the development of bladder cancer. Bladder dysbiosis can lead to the development of chronic inflammation of the urothelium, and subsequently lead to bladder cancer. The characteristics of the urinary tract microflora can help in stratifying patients according to the risk of occurrence and recurrence of the bladder cancer, as well as in treating such patients.
About the Authors
V. N. Pavlov
ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
M. F. Urmantsev
ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
T. R. Khamidullin
ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
M. R. Bakeev
ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2021;71:209–249. (in Engl) doi: 10.3322/caac.21660
2. GLOBOCAN 2022: Bladder cancer 9th most common worldwide: URL: https://worldbladdercancer.org/news_events/globocan-2022-bladder-cancer-is-the-9th-most-commonly-diagnosed-worldwide/ (in Engl)
3. Inamura K. Bladder Cancer: New Insights into Its Molecular Pathology. Cancers. 2018;10:100. (in Engl) doi: 10.3390/cancers10040100.
4. Berdik C. Unlocking bladder cancer. Nature. 2017;551:34–35. (in Engl) doi: 10.1038/551S34a.
5. Andolfi C., Bloodworth J.C., Papachristos A., Sweis R.F. The Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: Susceptibility and Immune Responsiveness. Bladder Cancer. 2020;6:225–235. (in Engl) doi: 10.3233/BLC-200277.
6. Wolfe A.J., Brubaker L. “Sterile Urine” and the Presence of Bacteria. Eur. Urol. 2015;68:173–174. (in Engl) doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.02.041.
7. Brubaker L., Wolfe A. The urinary microbiota: A paradigm shift for bladder disorders? Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2016;28:407–412. (in Engl) doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000298.
8. Jones-Freeman B., Chonwerawong M., Marcelino V.R., Deshpande A.V., Forster S.C., Starkey M.R. The microbiome and host mucosal interactions in urinary tract diseases. Mucosal Immunol. 2021;14:779–792. (in Engl) doi: 10.1038/s41385-020-00372-5.
9. El-Deeb O.S., Atef M.M., Hafez Y.M. The interplay between microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide, Transforming growth factor beta/SMAD signaling and inflammasome activation in chronic kidney disease patients: A new mechanistic perspective. J. Cell. Biochem. 2019;120:14476–14485. (in Engl) doi: 10.1002/jcb.28707.
10. Fouts D.E., Pieper R., Szpakowski S., Pohl H., Knoblach S., Suh M.J., Huang S.T., Ljungberg I., Sprague B.M., Lucas S.K., et al. Integrated next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA and metaproteomics differentiate the healthy urine microbiome from asymptomatic bacteriuria in neuropathic bladder associated with spinal cord injury. J. Transl. Med. 2012;10:174. (in Engl) doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-174.
11. Abernethy M.G., Tsuei A. The bladder microbiome and interstitial cystitis: Is there a connection? Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021;33:469–473. (in Engl) doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000747
12. Pederzoli F., Ferrarese R., Amato V., Locatelli I., Alchera E., Luciano R., Nebuloni M., Briganti A., Gallina A., Colombo R., et al. Sexspecific Alterations in the Urinary and Tissue Microbiome in Therapy-naive Urothelial Bladder Cancer Patients. Eur. Urol. Oncol. 2020;3:784–788 (in Engl)
13. Fouts D.E., Pieper R., Szpakowski S., Pohl H., Knoblach S., Suh M., Huang S., Ljungberg I., Sprague B.M., Lucas S.K., et al. Integrated next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA and metaproteomics differentiate the healthy urine microbiome from asymptomatic bacteriuria in neuropathic bladder associated with spinal cord injury. J. Transl. Med. 2012;10:174. (in Engl)
14. Modena B.D., Milam R., Harrison F., Cheeseman J.A., Abecassis M.M., Friedewald J.J., Kirk A.D., Salomon D.R. Changes in Urinary Microbiome Populations Correlate in Kidney Transplants with Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy Documented in Early Surveillance Biopsies. Am. J. Transplant. 2017;17:712–723. (in Engl)
15. Gottschick C., Deng Z.L., Vital M., Masur C., Abels C., Pieper D.H., Wagner-Döbler I. The urinary microbiota of men and women and its changes in women during bacterial vaginosis and antibiotic treatment. Microbiome. 2017;5:99. (in Engl) doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0305-3.
16. van Osch FH, Jochems SH, van Schooten FJ, Bryan RT, Zeegers MP. Quantified relations between exposure to tobacco smoking and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 89 observational studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2016;45: DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw044; 867 (in Engl)
17. Wenchao Ma, Wentao Zhang, Liliang Shen, Ji Liu, Fuhang Yang, Niraj Maskey, Hong Wang, Junfeng Zhang1, Yang Yan, Xudong Yao. Can Smoking Cause Differences in Urine Microbiome in Male Patients With Bladder Cancer? A Retrospective Study. 2021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677605 – 1-3 (in Engl)
18. Huang X, Pan T, Yan L, Jin T, Zhang R, Chen B, Feng J, Duan T, Xiang Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Yang Z, Zhang W, Ding X, Xie T, Sui X. The inflammatory microenvironment and the urinary microbiome in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Genes Dis. 2020 Oct 13;8(6):781-797. (in Engl) doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.10.002. P. 783
19. Nadler N., Kvich L., Bjarnsholt T., Jensen J.B., Gögenur I., Azawi N. The discovery of bacterial biofilm in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. APMIS. 2021;129:265–270. doi: 10.1111/apm.13097. P. 3-4 (in Engl)
20. El-Mosalamy H., Salman T.M., Ashmawey A.M., Osama N. Role of chronic E. coli infection in the process of bladder cancer- an experimental study. Infect. Agents Cancer. 2012;7:19. (in Engl) doi: 10.1186/1750-9378-7-19.
21. Guo Y., Wang J., Zhou K., Lv J., Wang L., Gao S., Keller E.T., Zhang Z.S., Wang Q., Yao Z. Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 promotes bladder cancer angiogenesis through activating RhoC. FASEB J. 2020;34: P 7927–7940. (in Engl)
22. Hussein A.A., Elsayed A.S., Durrani M., Jing Z., Iqbal U., Gomez E.C., Singh P.K., Liu S., Smith G., Tang L., et al. Investigating the association between the urinary microbiome and bladder cancer: An exploratory study. Urol. Oncol. Semin. Orig. Investig. 2021;39:370.e9–370.e19. (in Engl) doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.12.011.
23. Bi H., Tian Y., Song C., Li J., Liu T., Chen Z., Chen C., Huang Y., Zhang Y. Urinary microbiota—A potential biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer. J. Med. Microbiol. 2019;68:1471–1478. (in Engl) doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001058
24. Zeng J., Zhang G., Chen C., Li K., Wen Y., Zhao J., Wu P. Alterations in Urobiome in Patients With Bladder Cancer and Implications for Clinical Outcome: A Single-Institution Study. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2020;10:555508. (in Engl) doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.555508.
25. Qiu Y., Gao Y., Chen C., Xie M., Huang P., Sun Q., Zhou Z., Li B., Zhao J., Wu P. Deciphering the influence of urinary microbiota on FoxP3+ regulatory T cell infiltration and prognosis in Chinese patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Hum. Cell. 2022;35:511–521. (in Engl) doi: 10.1007/s13577-021-00659-0.
26. Wu P., Zhang G., Zhao J., Chen J., Chen Y., Huang W., Zhong J., Zeng J. Profiling the urinary microbiota in male patients with bladder cancer in China. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2018;8:167. (in Engl) doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00167.
27. Sweis R.F., Golan S., Barashi N., Hill E., Andolfi C., Werntz R.P., Bloodworth J., Steinberg G.D. Association of the commensal urinary microbiome with response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2019;37:423. (in Engl) doi: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.423
28. Hurwitz M, Adeniran A, Yao X, Hafez N, Schalper K, Rimm D, Petrylak D. The effect of BCG intravesical therapy and recurrence on PDL1 expression in non-invasive bladder cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:e15504. (in Engl)
29. Chen C., Huang Z., Huang P., Li K., Zeng J., Wen Y., Li B., Zhao J., Wu P. Urogenital Microbiota:Potentially Important Determinant of PD-L1 Expression in Male Patients with Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. BMC Microbiol. 2022;22:7. doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02407-8. (in Engl)
Review
For citations:
Pavlov V.N., Urmantsev M.F., Khamidullin T.R., Bakeev M.R. BLADDER MICROBIOME AND BLADDER CANCER. Bashkortostan Medical Journal. 2024;19(3):75-79. (In Russ.)
Views:
42
Email this article 
