GANGLIOSIDES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids, biological substances that affect the process of vital activity of the cell and the whole organism. The main depot of gangliosides is the gray matter of the brain, where it constitutes 10-12% of the lipids of the neuronal membrane. Disturbance of ganglioside metabolism leads to serious pathological consequences - gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs disease, Sandgoff disease, Landing disease, etc.). Being important components of neuronal membranes, gangliosides participate in intracellular and extracellular metabolism, signal transduction, adhesion, affect the structure of the brain during development, maturation and aging. This review presents the results of studies of gangliosides structure, their significance in the emergence of various pathological processes, manifestation of a multimodal neurotrophic effect, an assessment of the role of gangliosides in neuroplasticity, the effect of it expression on the change in memory function and learning, and the use of gangliosides as a potential therapeutic tool for treating various forms of acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

ганглиозиды, структура сфинголипидов, липидные рафты, ганглиозидозы, нейродегенеративные за- болевания, болезнь Тея - Сакса, болезнь Сандгоффа, болезнь Ландинга, память, обучение, gangliosides, tructure of sphingolipids, lipid rafts, gangliosidoses, neurodegenerative diseases, Tay-Sachs disease, Sandgoff disease, Landing disease, memory, training

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