ESTIMATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE I RISK FACTORS ON THE RETINAL STATE IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Objective. To study the effect of the duration of type I diabetes mellitus, the degree of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, and the method of insulin therapy on the state of the retina in children with type I diabetes.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 57 medical records of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) was performed, of which 34 (59,6%) were boys and 23 (40,4%) were girls aged 7-17 (average age 14,6 ± 2, 81). The disease duration averaged 5,38 ± 3,63 years, the average level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) - 8,94 ± 1,78%.Results. Diabetic retinal damage was detected in the group of children with type I diabetes up to 5 years in 28,12% of cases, in children from 5 to 10 years old in 63,15% of cases and in the group with type I diabetes for more than 10 years - in 100 % of cases. According to the degree of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, retinal damage was detected in compensated type I diabetes in 46,6% of cases, in case of subcompensated - in 50%, and in decompensated diabetes - in 75% of cases. In children who use an insulin pump and an insulin syringe pen with regular self-monitoring in treatment, diabetic complications of the retina are detected in50% of cases, using an insulin syringe pen without self-control in 84% of cases.Conclusions. According to the results of the study, diabetic retinal damage was observed in 100% of children with a duration of type I diabetes mellitus more than 10 years, in 75% of children with a decompensated degree of carbohydrate metabolism, in 84% of children using an insulin pen without regular self-monitoring.