ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN

The purpose of this publication is to review and systematize the literature data on the development of modern ideas about atopic dermatitis (AD) in childhood. Molecular studies contributed to the creation of a new concept of the pathogenesis of AD, which includes a triad of leading mechanisms: genetic predisposition to atopy, violations of the integrity of the epidermal barrier and a cascade of immune reactions that implement allergic inflammation in the skin. At the initial stage atopy manifests itself at the level of immune changes and connection with certain genetic markers - today localization of genes responsible for the development of allergy on 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21 chromosomes are established.The effect of a mutation of the filaggrin structural protein gene on the severity of blood pressure was revealed, and a deficiency of the main lipid components of the skin barrier was established. The most significant cytokines in the pathogenesis of AD are: : IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, IL-29, IL-31, IFN-γ, TNF-α. Recent studies of the local immune response of the skin indicate the importance of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and Il-13 in the development of a skin allergic reaction.The modern view considers a violation of microflora resistance of the skin and intestine to be one of the factors that negativelyaffects AD course.Conclusion. A study of immune response in the target organ of inflammation-the skin and peripheral blood using modern molecular genetic techniques and the study of the relationship of disorders of the skin microbiome and intestines with local and systemic immunity in torpid course AD is an actual problem of modern medicine. An active search for biomarkers of inflammation can be used for diagnosis and determination of AD severity.

children, atopic dermatitis, pathogenesis, cytokines, a risk factor, severity

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