РОЛЬ ЭПИГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ МОЧЕКАМЕННОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ: ФОКУС НА СИСТЕМУ «КЛАУДИНЫ – МИКРОРНК»

Мочекаменная болезнь (МКБ) – многофакторное заболевание обмена веществ, обусловленное взаимодействием генетических и средовых факторов. Изучение МКБ в настоящее время актуально в связи с неуклонным ростом заболеваемости и распространенности, а также высокой частотой рецидивов этой патологии. Большинство конкрементов при МКБ формируются на основе солей кальция. Для улучшения контроля над МКБ перспективным является исследование молекулярногенетических аспектов гиперкальциурии. В процессе реабсорбции кальция в почках важную роль играют клаудины – белки плотных контактов почечного эпителия.
В обзоре представлены современные мировые данные об эпигенетической регуляции активности почечных клаудинов с помощью малых некодирующих РНК и перспективах использования компонентов системы «клаудины-микроРНК» для таргетной фармакотерапии МКБ. Статья содержит информацию о сегментно-специфической экспрессии клаудинов в нефронах, клаудинопатиях, связанных с нарушением обмена кальция в почках, плотных контактах как динамических равновесных системах, биогенезе и принципах действия микроРНК, различных терапевтических стратегиях с использованием микроРНК. 

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