MODERN METHODS OF SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME TREATMENT

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a pathological condition that occurs due to a lack of functionally active intestinal epithelium due to congenital absence or subsequent loss of part of it, often resulting from massive surgical resection of the small intestine, which leads to chronic intestinal insufficiency, manifested by malabsorption, maldigestion, malnourishment and homeostasis disorders leading to high disability and mortality.

Among other things, the presence of patients on parenteral feeding entails economic losses (according to various estimates, over 200 thousand rubles per month), including those associated with regular replacement of port systems, purchase and storage of food. High mortality rate remains due to liver failure and catheter-associated sepsis. Among surgical interventions for SBS, operations to reduce intestinal transit and operations to increase the length of the intestine are carried out, as well as transplantation techniques. However, all of them have a number of significant disadvantages, such as a small percentage of restoration of full enteral nutrition, high frequency of postoperative and fatal outcomes, expensive transplantation techniques, surgical manipulations and lifelong immunosuppressive therapy.

Methods of intestinal repair in SBS at the present stage, including tissue engineering techniques, have been analyzed. A promising area is tissue engineering of the small intestine, which is an innovative method of treating patients with SBS.

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