GENETIC TESTING AND MEDICAL-GENETIC COUNSELING AS A PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEREDITARY PROSTATE CANCER

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in the Russian Federation, as well as in the United States and most Western countries. At an appointment with an oncologist, a man reports the presence of cancer in a firstdegree relative (father, brother, son), which indicates of family history as the only established risk factor for the disease, which is important in cancer screening. Familial aggregation of prostate cancer is considered a marker of genetic predisposition to the development of the disease. It is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease with hereditary factors accounting for about 40-50% of cases, including both rare gene variants and frequent genetic variants. To date, international guidelines have prescribed criteria for testing for mutations in the BRCA1 / 2 genes for men with prostate cancer. Genetic research allows the identification of germline mutations in patients with prostate cancer, which makes it possible to determine the role of heredity in the development of the disease. Genetic testing for hereditary cancers is needed to create personalized approaches to screening and treating prostate cancer.

hereditary prostate cancer, clustering, penetrance, heterogeneity, sequencing, BRCA1 / 2, HOXB13, genetic counseling

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