METHODS OF SURGICAL PREVENTION AND METAPHYLAXIS OF UROLITHIASIS

Abstract

One of the stages of treatment of urolithiasis is prevention and metaphylaxis. The removal of stones is a consequence of the disease and the high number of relapses is proof of this. Possible anatomical changes associated with urolithiasis may be - medullary spongy kidney, narrowing of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ), the presence of a diverticulum or cyst of the kidney cup, ureteral stricture, horseshoe kidney, ureterocele, vesicoureteral reflux. To reduce recurrence, surgical correction is performed using transurethral, laparoscopic, percutaneous surgery. Endoscopic and laparoscopic surgical interventions can be attributed to the methods of metaphylaxis - carried out during the presence of the disease. The stricture of UPJ, as a factor associated with stone formation, should undoubtedly be eliminated and one of the most common manipulations - endoscopic correction of ureter stricture. Also, the most well-known operation of UPJ plastic surgery is the Andersen-Hines operation performed by open or laparoscopic access, as well as using robot-assisted technology. Another anatomical defect associated with urolithiasis is the ureterocele, which is corrected by endoscopic incision. Reconstructive plastic surgery on the ureter, urethra, removal of prostatic hyperplasia, removal of foreign bodies of the urinary system - this is a small list of surgical aids that are used to reduce the recurrence of urolithiasis.