ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY FOR HIV INFECTION:POINTS OF CONTACT WITH PSYCHIATRY

More than 50% of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suffer from mental disorders. Among patients with HIV-positive status, the level of anxiety and depressive disorders is significantly higher compared to the general population. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. In addition, it is associated with an increase in CD4 lymphocytes in the blood and a decrease in signs of anxiety and depression among patients. However, ART itself has a neurotoxic effect, which leads to progressive loss of neurons in HIV-infected individuals and, subsequently, to mental disorders. Comorbid mental disorders in patients with HIV lead to a decrease in adherence to ART, an increase in the RNA load of the virus and toxic effects on the central nervous system. This makes it important to continue research in this area, and also draws attention to the need to develop more advanced antiretroviral drugs that do not have neurotoxic side effects.

HIV, antiretroviral therapy, mental disorders, depression, anxiety

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