A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted based on the epidemiological diagnosis of the analysis of cases of a new coronavirus infection in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) from March 24, 2020 to May 10, 2020. The dynamics of registration of cases of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 was studied by the registration dates and grouped data for weeks in the observation period. The frequency of detection of COVID-19 was determined by the results of laboratory tests in various laboratories of the Republic of Belarus involved in diagnostic studies during the spread of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

The article shows the experience of organizing an infectious diseases hospital for patients with suspected coronavirus infection and a confirmed diagnosis on the basis of the Clinic of the FSBEI HE “Bashkir State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The legislative framework for the opening of the hospital, the organization of the re-profiling of the therapeutic building, the infrastructure of the hospital, the composition and schedule of the teams of medical workers, statistics on the results of four weeks of the hospital’s work are given. The latest technology was the creation of a database of convalescent donors COVID-19 on the basis of the BSMU Clinic. An example of the first transfusion of convalescence plasma to a patient in a hospital is given.

The article presents data on the work of specialized and general surgical hospitals that provide surgical care during the pandemic of the new coronavirus disease COVID-19. Along with ensuring the continuity of the surgical care process, the most important task in this case is to prevent nosocomial infection of medical personnel and patients. The characteristic of quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the provision of surgical care in a pandemic is given, issues of features of surgical interventions in this case are considered.

Based on the analysis of literature data and the work of the surgical service of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the article describes some structural and organizational solutions to ensure the reduction of the spread of new coronavirus infection in medical organizations and to provide medical care to patients with COVID-19. During preparation for the admission of patients with COVID-19, clinical, city, and regional hospitals were converted into infectious hospitals for almost 2000 beds. There was a need for a sharp restriction / suspension of planned surgical care, which led to a negative delayed result. During 3 months planned operations were postponed to a later date for about 9050 patients. Some issues of resolving the problems accumulated during the epidemic after its completion are discussed. The paper gives recommendations on the mobilization readiness of the surgical service in similar emergencies and on the protection of medical personnel from infection.

The aim of the study was to identify the clinical features of severe viral pneumonia associated with ARDS in the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.Methods. The study design is retrospective, single-center, controlled, and non-randomized. 25 patients met the inclusion criteria. 10 were performed artificial ventilation of the lungs, three of them died. In total, the clinic received 170 patients. We comparedthe ARDS clinical picture for non-specific severe community-acquired pneumonia and the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection.Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the program "Statistica 6.0". Results . With a comparable initial severity of the condition on the SOFA scale (3.8+0.82 and 3.4+0.3 points), patients with covid infection were characterized by initially more pronounced hypoxemia (pO2/Fio2 - 152.3+26.1 vs. 279+61) and the presence of pronounced hemocoagulation disorders and a more rare development of shock. At the same time, there were fundamental differences in the structure of multiple organ failure (primarily the absence of encephalopathy), the nature of comorbidity, and approaches to predicting the outcome of the disease.Conclusion. Severe viral pneumonia associated with ARDS and caused by COVID-19 is characterized by unique features: initially extremely low respiratory index, the presence of pronounced hemocoagulation disorders, a longer period of ventilator therapy, and difficulties in assessing the prognosis of the disease outcome

There has been a pandemic of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the world since 2019 characterized by severe pulmonary lesion and development of hypoxemia and death. The elderly people and the patients with severe associated pathology including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are especially susceptible to this infection. The aim of our research was to analyze the peculiarities of COVID-19 in 13 patients with T2D and co-morbidity hospitalized in Infection Hospital of Demskiy region of Ufa. All patients were admitted from other hospitals and had COVID-19 symptoms including severe weakness, dry rare cough and early symptoms of breath insufficiency. Conclusions: COVID-19 is significantly more severe in patients with co-morbidity and followed by the development of distress syndrome; T2D with numerous complications is the risk factor of unfavorable outcome of the disease; increase of platelets and acute lymphopenia are prognostically unfavorable factors; there were no complications of SARS-COV-2 medication treatment in T2D patients.

The article presents preliminary results of blood tests in 53 patients with Covid-19. For the first time, an attempt has been made to use the results of a full blood count to diagnose a new coronavirus disease. This approach is based on the hypothesis of the occurrence of the effect of microhemolysis due to damage to red blood cells by the virus, as well as certain changes in leukocytes and lymphocytes. Identification of direct signs of microhemolysis, as well as indirect ones (the reaction of a massive ejection of reticulocytes from the bone marrow into the systemic circulation) may be one of the early signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The purpose of our work was to analyze the activities of the anesthesiology and resuscitation service of the University clinic in the context of the new covid-19 coronavirus pandemic.Methods. The design of the work is a retrospective observational, descriptive study. 170 cases of the disease were analyzed, in- cluding 25 in the intensive care unit, of which 10 were on artificial ventilation. 3 patients died.Results. Practical recommendations are offered for choosing priority areas of infection prevention and intensive care tactics fornew covid-19 coronavirus infection.Conclusion. It is shown that comprehensive preparation of the clinic to provide medical care related to the treatment of COVID-19, allowed to achieve acceptable treatment results in the absence of cases of infection of medical personnel.

The article presents the organization of specialist training at the Institute of Continuing Professional Education of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia to work under conditions of spread of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Changes were made to the curricula of existing programs, educational activities were conducted in inter-municipal specialized medical districts, short-term programs were developed and implemented for specialists admitted to work in infectious diseases hospitals for patients with suspected coronavirus infection and with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and who are in reserve. At present, 39 programs have been developed and posted on the Portal of the ontinuing Medical and Pharmaceutical Education. For training, 17,500 people are registered. Over 8000 specialists completed the training.

The article provides a review of the specialized literature and a brief analysis of the clinical experience of performing surgical interventions in the conditions of the new coronavirus disease COVID-19. The basis for the safety of patients and medical personnel in an infectious COVID hospital is the strict observance of anti-epidemic measures using high-grade personal protective equipment, as well as the routine rules of surgical safety and asepsis. The paper presents the experience of surgical clinics in Europe, the USA, China in a pandemic, recommendations of professional surgical communities, as well as the Republic of Bashkortostan are given. The analysis of 8 surgical interventions in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 shows the exceptional importance of the readiness of the surgical service in the infectious diseases hospital for such procedures and the implementation of instructions and recommendations by the surgical team. There were no cases of infection of medical staff.

The new coronavirus, also known as SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19, became a global threat and a major healthcare problem in2020. The onset of this disease had an impact on the management of cancer patients. According to some Chinese researches, cancer patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19 complications. This observation has led many oncologists to change their daily cancer treatment practices without solid evidence or recommendations. In addition, the manifestations of COVID-19, as well as its diagnosis, are specific to this particular population. Consideration of the potential risk and beneficial effects for specific antitumor therapy in a population of cancer patients should be personified. Postponement of elective surgery or adjuvant chemotherapy for cancer patients with a low risk of progression should be considered in each case. Minimizing outpatient visits can help reduce the number of people infected and prevent the spread of the dangerous virus. Telemedicine can be used to support patients in order to minimize the number of visits. This article will discuss the potential problems associated with the treatment of cancer patients during a pandemic of COVID-19 infection, with the proposals of some practical approaches of oncologists in China, Italy and France.

Lung cancer is the tumor with the highest rate of death and male morbidity worldwide. There is a large number of patients with lung cancer. With the spread of a new epidemic of coronavirus pneumonia, ordinary medical care for patients with lung cancer is suffering.In patients with lung malignancies after receiving antitumor treatment, the overall immune status usually decreases, which fa-vours COVID-19 infection and the development of severe complications. Given the current situation, in the context of a pandemic, it is necessary to adjust approaches to the treatment of such patients and pay special attention to the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and limit the spread of infection. This review article will address the spread of coronavirus infection among patients with lung malignancies. A tactically important point is a qualitative differential diagnosis between coronavirus pneumonia and lung cancer. In order to prevent infection of SARS-CoV-2 among health workers and to limit the spread of this disease among patients with lung cancer, special attention should be paid to endoscopic diagnostics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Indications and features of lung transplantation will also be considered when other treatment methods are ineffective and when coronavirus pneumonia progresses.

The paper presents the data on the immunogenesis of certain infections, the possibilities and features of using rapid diagnostic tests based on the principles of immunochromatography, in particular, for the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 infection. The limitations of antibody testing for the diagnosis are shown, the basic principles for interpreting the results of the study in various clinical situations and the factors affecting its results are given.

The article presents the classification and characteristics of individual protective equipment (face masks and respirators). Themarketing analysis of the market of face masks in pharmacy organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan, including price offers, was carried out.

Disorders of the nervous system are observed in a third of patients with COVID-19. They include secondary infectious toxic encephalopathy, direct viral impairment of peripheral nerves and muscles, post - and parainfectious autoimmune disorders of the nervous system. Separately a problem of stroke in COVID-19, which develops due to hypercoagulation, is addressed. The likelihood of the development of true viral encephalitis in COVID-19 is debatable. More research is needed in this area.

The article presents an analysis of the state of the problem of transfusion of convalescent plasma in case of new coronavirus disease COVID-19 based on a literature review, as well as our own clinical material based on the experience of treating 8 patients with this method. The rationale for the use of plasma in COVID-19 is the long-term experience of using immune plasma in a number of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses (diphtheria, tetanus, Ebola virus diseases, SARS-CoV-1, MERS, etc.) and the possibility of rapid administration of ready-made antibodies for passive immunization. The authors present the results of treatment of 8 patients with severe forms of coronavirus disease, positive results were obtained in 5 out of them. The issues of efficiency, the need to clarify the indications for the introduction of convalescent plasma and randomized clinical trials are discussed.

Clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19 and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome have the same development timeline. Also, a number of laboratory indicators on the timing of changes are characterized by the same dynamics. This allowed us to draw parallels in the development of diseases, to put forward a hypothetical concept of the pathogenesis of new coronavirus infection (NCVI) based on the studied pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and to propose a classification of a new coronavirus infection. However, further research is required in this direction.

The aim of the study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative composition of the body in young people with different indicators of body mass index and to search for associations with the formation of joint hypermobility. 86 young people were examined for the presence of joint hypermobility, 60 of them underwent X-ray densitometry using the Total body program. There were no significant differences depending on the presence of hypermobility of the joints, as well as the relationship of a low body mass index and the formation of hypermobility. When comparing body composition in groups with different BMI, a decrease in the percentage of fat mass from 34.12 ± 0.72 to 27.47 ± 1.54 and a simultaneous increase in the percentage of lean mass from 65.87 ± 0.72 to 72.53± 1.54 in individuals with a deficit of body weight (BMI <18.5 kg / m2), these differences reached the level of statistical significance (U = 74, p = 0.0015). The decrease in the amount of adipose tissue with a decrease in BMI occurs mainly due to the lower extremities (7.86 ± 0.28 and 5.25 ± 0.34 kg) and the trunk (9.55 ± 0.43 and 5.17 ± 0.54 kg), these patterns are also true for the dynamics of a decrease in lean mass.

To determine indications for laparoscopic laser partial nephrectomy in a kidney’s tumor without ischemia we used 3D modeling and virtual planning using original computer program (RF patent No. 2055660462). The procedure was performed in 14 patients of average age 50.4 (39 - 68) years old, 6 (42.9%) men and 8 (57.1%) women, with a tumor of the right in 5 (35.7%) and left kidney - in 9 (64.3%) patients, average 23.7 (15 - 40) mm in size. The average operation time was 99.5 (80 - 131) min, the time of kidney resection was 28.6 (15 - 40) minutes, blood loss - 100.3 (50 - 250) ml. The time of hospitalization was 6.1 (5 - 9) days. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma G1 was detected in 9 (64.3%), G2 in 3 (21.4%), angiolipoma was found in 2 (14.3%) patients. No cases of positive surgical margin were observed. Preoperative 3D modeling and virtual operation planning made it possible to single out a group of patients who successfully underwent laser resection of the kidney without ischemia and hemostatic sutures.

Ultrasound with contrast enhancement (contrast echography) is an intensively developing method of medical imaging. One of the goals of contrast echography is to detect low-speed blood flow (microcirculation) in organs and tissues, pathological neoplasms, which is often impossible with conventional ultrasound.The purpose of the study. To improve the effectiveness of diagnostics of patients with various forms of thyroid tumors by ultra-sound duplex scanning using contrast media and puncture techniques of focal masses.Material and methods. The analysis of characteristic ultrasound signs against the background of sulfur hexafluoride (sulphur hexafluoride) by CEUS in 400 patients was performed. The group included patients with single nodular masses corresponding to stages T1a and T1b C73. In 143 women masses of T1 size were T1b, among 236 men T1a were 8 patients and T1b were 13 patients. The average amount of masses with stage T1a in women amounted to 0,05сbсm, in men 0.05 cbcm; and stage T1b in women was 0.32 cbcm, in men0.8 cbcm. The studied patients were 379 (94.75%) women and 21 (5.25%) men. The average age was 60 years old.Results. Sensitivity=62.2%, specificity=98%, diagnostic accuracy of the method=72.2%Conclusions. Contrast enhancement with the use of sulfur hexafluoride (sulphur hexafluoride) by CEUS method as a method for detecting nodular lesions in combination with the presence of a contrast defect and targeted biopsy under ultrasound control in the area of interest allows with a high probability to establish thyroid cancer at an early stage T1 and increases the accuracy of diagnosis by 10.04%.

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of fetal hemoglobin in newborns with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA)born from mothers suffering from iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy.Materials and methods: levels of hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin were studied in 81 newborns with IDA born from mothers who were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.Results: The results of the study showed that in children with iron deficiency anemia who are in conditions of prolonged hypoxia during prenatal development, born from mothers with IDA, a decrease in hemoglobin concentration to - 116.3 ± 2.07 g / l (P<0.021) is observed, in contrast to children born from mothers without IDA (178.8 ± 0.49 g / l; P <0.021). At the same time, there was also a difference in the rate of fetal hemoglobin in newborns with iron deficiency anemia, who are under conditions of pro-longed hypoxia during the period of intrauterine development, born from mothers with IDA, than in children born from motherswithout IDA. In newborns and young children with IDA, born from mothers with IDA, due to impaired oxygen delivery through a morphologically and functionally altered placenta, fetal stress and hypoxia develop during fetal development.Conclusions: Long-term chronic hypoxia is characterized by persistent disorders of oxidative processes in tissues, followed by theprogression of dystrophic changes in various tissues and organs and the development of decompensation of the function of vital organs and systems. In children whose intrauterine development proceeded against the background of IDA in the mother, due to prolonged chronic hypoxia, the content of fetal hemoglobin was higher than in children whose intrauterine development was not burdened by IDA, which determines the significance of the indicator of fetal hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia in young children.

Scots pine is a source of valuable biologically active substances, however, only pine buds are used in official medicine; other parts of the plant are not fully understood.The purpose of this work is to study the seasonal dynamics of accumulation of tannins of cones and tree greens (needles) Common pine trees that grow in the Perm region.Materials and methods: the objects of research were cones and needles of common pine, harvested in the Krasnokamsky districtof the Perm region in the period from 2018-2019. The presence of tannins in raw materials was confirmed by qualitative reactions.Results: The analysis of tannins contained in cones and needles of Scots pine was carried out. Using qualitative reactions it was found that the tannins present in the plant raw are condensed compounds. The content of tannins was determined by the titrimetric method, and their seasonal dynamics of accumulation was established. In terms of the quantitative content of these polyphenols, these two types of raw materials are unequal.Conclusion: Most of these compounds accumulate in cones in the spring, in contrast to needles, where the level of tannins is lower and almost stable throughout the year.

The work studies the social significance of infectious diseases in the treatment and prevention of which immunobiological drugs play a major role. We have analyzed the current state of the Russian pharmaceutical market of immunobiological drugs included in the calendar of preventive vaccinations, the availability of which in the pharmaceutical market is a state guarantee for immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases in the population. It was revealed that 18 items are represented in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, and 92 trade names of immunobiological drugs are registered in the state register of medicines. By the number of registered trade names, polyvalent vaccines for flu prevention (16 names) and monovalent vaccines for measles prevention and tuberculosis prevention (12 names, respectively) are leading. 79.3% of the number of registered immunobiological drugs are made up of domestically produced drugs. Among domestic manufacturers, Microgen is the leader, with a 53.4% share in the range of immunobiological products supplied. СJSC «GlaxoSmithKline trading» is the leader among foreign manufacturers. The range of the abovementioned manufacturer is predominantly represented by combined antiviral vaccines for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps (11 trade names).

Objective: to analyze the clinical observation of a patient with a diagnosis of diverticular colon disease complicated by diverticulitis, paracolic abscess, psoas abscess with pathological exudate flowing through the left inguinal canal into the scrotum.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of clinical observation of a patient treated in coloproctology department of theRepublican Clinical Hospital 1 in the city of Izhevsk was carried out.Results.Patient R., 67 years old, underwent following surgeries: revision of the scrotum and inguinal region on the left side; lower median laparotomy - an abscess in the right iliac region was opened; resection of middle third of sigmoid colon by Hartmann operation; opening and drainage of scrotum phlegmon and revision of the left inguinal canal. The patient's condition remained ofmoderate severity. A second CT scan was performed and it was found that the abscess of the left iliolumbar muscle is preserved. Asecond revision of the inguinal canal was performed. After 3 months, the patient underwent reconstructive surgery.Conclusion. A possible complication of diverticular disease of the colon that occurs as a result of translocation of microbes from a purulent focus, may be the formation of a psoas abscess with the spread of pus along the interfascial spaces of the pelvis into the inguinal canal and scrotum.