Restoration of destroyed teeth with a low clinical crown of the tooth is one of the most difficult tasks of modern orthopedic den- tistry, requiring high qualifications from a dentist. Currently, various methods and devices used to restore the destroyed clinical crown of the tooth have been proposed. However, the proposed designs have a number of disadvantages, which limits their use in the orthopedic treatment of patients with a destroyed clinical tooth crown. A promising direction in the prosthetics of patients with destroyed clinical dental crowns is manufacturing endocrowns - a monolithic structure that fills the pulp chamber with its inner part, creating macromechanical retention due to the walls of the pulp chamber, and micromechanical retention due to adhesive fixation, while the outer part restores the anatomical shape of the tooth.

The objective of the research. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of endocrowns for the restoration of lateral teeth.

Material and methods. A pilot study of the feasibility of using the device developed by the authors of the article to restore the destroyed crown of lateral teeth was conducted in 34 patients. In the course of the study, it was found that the proposed method of orthopedic treatment allows to restore the anatomical and functional integrity of the destroyed clinical crown of the tooth in a short term.

Conclusion. The possibility of restoring lateral teeth with destroyed low clinical crowns with the help of endocrowns of the au- thors' design has been proved and substantiated.

Objective. To study the effect of 5-Oxymethyluracil, medication with angiogenic properties, on the central hemodynamic values in patients in early and long-term myocardial surgical revascularization.

Material and methods. Two groups of patients have been included in a randomized prospective study as follows: the core group comprised of 87 patients in the perioperative period of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (5 days prior to and within 14 days after the surgical procedure). In addition to standard medical therapy, patients of the core group have been obtaining 5- Oxymethyluracil medication. The control group (comprised of 81 patients) have been obtaining standard medical therapy. The groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, principal clinical and functional specifications and features of surgery. Echocardi- ography was performed in patients before surgery (upon admission to the vascular surgery department) and after surgery (after 2 months and after 15-17 years); the dynamics of end-systolic volume of the left ventricle (LV ESV), end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle (LV EDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were evaluated.

Results. In the core group of patients as compared with the preoperative values, within the period of 2 months after the CABG, a decrease in the EDV occurred by 6.88% (p=1.0), in the ESV by 11.61% (p=0.0380), an increase in the EF was by 5.03% (p=1); within the period of 16-18 years after the CABG, the EDV increased by 2.57% (p=1.0), the ESV increased by 8.72% (p=1.0), the EF decreased by 12.49% (p=0.0058). With the period of 2 months after the surgery, a decrease in the EDV by 4.48% (p=1.0), in the ESV by 6.1% (p=1.0), the EF by 0.38% (p=1.0) was observed in the control group, and after 16-18 years, the EDV increased by 5.43% (p=1.0), the ESV increased by 13.17% (p=1.0), and the EF decreased by 19.57% (p=0.0127).

Conclusion. Сontractile function retention of the left ventricular myocardium in the long-term myocardial surgical revascularization (patients’ follow-up period is 16-18 years) in the course of using 5-Oxymethyluracil medication occurs predominantly due to the reduction of the end-systolic volume in the early postoperative period.

The aim of the research was to study the possibility of the use of perfusion computed tomography in patients with various lesions of the colon wall.

Material and methods. 46 patients aged 34-79 years with diverticular colon disease (DCD) were selected and divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of persons with an unchanged wall of the colon (5 people), the second group was composed of 34 patients with DCD complicated by diverticulitis, the third group consisted of 7 patients with malignant tumors of the colon. All studies were performed on an Optima CT 660 (GE) multislice computed tomograph with 128 detector rows and a slice thickness of 0.65 mm. Initially, scanning was carried out in the native mode selecting the area of interest, and then the perfusion was carried out. The images obtained during dynamic contrasting were analyzed on the Advantage Workstation using the CT Perfusion 4D application with the determination of blood volume and velocity parameters in 1 cubic centimeter of wet substance per minute.

Results and discussion. According to the data obtained, the indicators of the regional blood flow rate (Blood Flow – BF) in malignant tumors increased by an average of 5.6 times compared to the unchanged colon wall. Indicators of the volume of regional blood flow (Blood Volume – BV) in malignant tumors compared with the unchanged colon wall increased by an average of 14.2 times. The indicators of the average blood flow transit Time (Mean Transit Time – MTT) in malignant tumors increased by 4.3 times compared to the unchanged colon wall.

Conclusions. The technique of perfusion computed tomography allows you to register the difference in the indicators of regional blood flow in neoplastic processes, which in turn allows for a more accurate differential diagnosis.

An important feature of Internet addiction (IA) is the abundance and diversity of its subjective components with minimal objective manifestations. Neuropsychological nature of IA formation, as well as methods for its objective quantitative assessment, have not been sufficiently developed.

The aim is to study the possibilities of detecting psychovegetative changes in adolescents with Internet-addicted behavior of varying severity by neuropsychological examination with pupillometry.

Material and methods. In 84 adolescents (66 girls and 18 boys) aged 16.2±0.1 years, the nature and intensity of the digital de- vices usage were studied, Internet-dependent behavior was determined, pupillometry was performed, and the indicator of interpupillary asymmetry (IIA) was analyzed.

Results and conclusions. According to the obtained data, there were no gross pupillometric changes in the examined adolescents. A moderate relationship was found between interpupillary asymmetry and Internet addiction (rxy=-0.3, p<0.05), as well as the frequency of using a smartphone (rxy=0.41, p<0.05). The most pronounced interpupillary asymmetry was observed in the group of adolescents with Internet addiction (more than 65 points according to Chen scale). The presented data confirms the adequacy and perspectiveness of the assessment of pupillary reactions for studying the neuropsychological and psychovegetative state of information technology users.

Purpose is to study the clinical and demographic features of the course of a new coronavirus infection in patients with a verified diagnosis of COVID-19
Material and methods. Clinical and demographic features of the course of a new coronavirus infection were studied in 308 patients hospitalized with a verified diagnosis of COVID-19 in the hospital of particularly dangerous infections in Nalchik from 04/14/2020 to 03/31/2021. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was determined using the "CoV-2– Test" kit. Computed tomography of the lungs was performed at admission and in dynamics on the "ACTIVION 16-TS" device.
Results and discussion. Most patients were hospitalized late from the onset of infection, which negatively affected the outcome of the disease. A high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among patients with COVID-19 (59.1%) was also revealed. The inhospital mortality rate averaged 7.3%; in the studied cohort of comorbid patients, it ranged from 25.5% to 59.8%, depending on the timing of admission to the hospital. The structure of causes of death was dominated by pulmonary embolism (44%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (22%), acute kidney injury (20.6%).
Conclusion. The results obtained, indicating the presence of clinical and laboratory features of the course of COVID-19, depending on the timing of admission to the hospital and the structure of comorbidities, will optimize the tactics of providing medical care to patients with COVID-19 against the background of cardiovascular diseases at the hospital stage. 

The aim of the study: to study the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the fatty oil and the aerial part of Nigella sativa L. to substantiate the development of resource-saving plant processing techniques.
Material and methods. The objects of the study were a commercial sample of Black cumin seed oil and the Nigella sativa L. herb grown in the Ulyanovsk region. The antioxidant activity of oil of black cumin was evaluated by registration of chemiluminescence in model systems in vitro. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous-alcoholic extracts from Nigella sativa L. herb was performed with direct and differential UV-spectrophotometry.
Results. Black cumin seed oil shows a significant inhibition of free radical oxidation processes in model systems: 6 times more active in the system generating the production of reactive oxygen species than the reference preparation (alpha-tocopherol acetate), and 2 times more active in the system of lipid peroxidation. Spectrophotometric analysis of extracts on 40/70/96% ethyl alcohol confirmed the presence of the sum of flavonoids in the herb of Nigella sativa L. A liquid dosage form was offered – Nigella sativa L. 70% ethanolic herb tincture (1:5).
Conclusions. The obtained data show the potential of all raw materials of Nigella sativa L. for the complex and rational use of the plant potential in medicine and pharmacy. 

Objective. The research of the antioxidant activity of the extract of the cones of the common spruce obtained from raw materials of different harvesting periods.

Material and methods. The object of the study are common spruce cones harvested on the territory of the Ilyinsky district of Perm Krai from July 2020 to March 2021. Extracts were obtained according to the procedure specified in the patent (№2756009 of 24.09.2021) and the methodology of the State Pharmacopoeia of the 14th edition. To determine the antioxidant activity, a reaction with a stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was used. The content of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically according to the method developed by us.

Results and discussion. It was found that the greatest antioxidant activity is observed in extracts obtained from raw materials harvested in the period from September (IC50 = 28.02 ±0.68) to December (IC50 = 32.68±2.29). The antioxidant activity of the ex- tract obtained by the method specified in the RU №2756009 patent is significantly higher than the antioxidant activity of the extract obtained by the pharmacopoeia method. The maximum accumulation of flavonoids in the cones of spruce is observed in January (0.22 ± 0.04%). Since August (37.92±5.89%), there has been an increase in the content of oxidizable substances.

Conclusions. The results obtained show the need to extend the harvesting time of the common spruce cones to get extracts with the maximum content of active substances and the greatest antioxidant activity.

Aim. The article presents an approach to the development of a quantitative determination technique for the certification of the primary standard sample of a new analgesic agent ‒ 1-(phenyl[phenylimino]methyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (PPMP) by titration using the Kjeldahl method. Due to the non-specificity of this method and the high probability of the presence of nitrogen-containing impurities in the substance certified, it was proposed to purify the substance certified to the maximum possible degree of purity. To confirm the purity of the substance, a method of analysis for the indicator "Limit content of related impurities" with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated.
Material and methods. Chromatographic separation in acetonitrile / 0.15% aqueous formic acid solution (pH 2.5) phases in gradient mode on a Tosoh ODS column (4.6×250 mm, 5 microns) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min was achieved in 35 minutes. The signal was recorded using a multi-wave UV detector at a wavelength of 257 nm.
Conclusions. Using a validated technique, it was proved that the purity of the substance is 100.0%. According to the Kjeldahl method, a quantitative assessment of the content of the main substance in the purified FFMP substance was carried out, its certified value was 99.7 ± 0.2%.

Material and methods. Monitoring of Origanum vulgare stocks was carried out by resource studies according to the generally accepted methodology for determining the stocks of medicinal plants. Vegetation area coordinates were determined using a Garmin ETrex Vista C navigator. Thematic electronic maps for visualization of resource data were built using ArcView GIS 3.2a software; Earth remote sensing data were used as topographical basis.
Results and discussion. The Origanum vulgare stocks were monitored, and resource characteristics were calculated: the area of raw material reserves as well as the possible volume of annual harvesting. A comprehensive understanding of the Origanum vulgare stocks in the Perm Region has been formed. Populations of Origanum were found in 20 districts of the Perm region. Thematic GIS maps were created.
Conclusion. Significant Origanum vulgare stocks have been found on the territory of the Perm Region. The data can be used for harvesting for research, production and personal purposes.

The most important property of living cells is the ability to move or migrate. The study of migration in an environment simulat-ing in vivo conditions using 3D microfluidic devices will lay the foundation for the development of a miniature personalized diag-nostic device for oncological diseases.
The purpose of the research is to study the active movement of cells in a developed and manufactured two-level migration unit.
Material and methods. Standard modern methods for cultivating prostate cancer cells PC-3 were used. Microchannels were fab-ricated by soft photolithography. Measurement of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow was carried out using optical micros-copy methods based on the analysis of frame-by-frame images of a changing flow.
Results. To study the active movement of cells by soft photolithography, a two-level migration unit was developed and manu-factured. The ability of PC-3 cancer cells to migrate in the developed unit was experimentally demonstrated in the present article, the migration rates of PC-3 cells in migration channels 15 and 25 μm wide were calculated. The average migration rate in a channel 15 μm wide was 0.45 μm/min, 25 μm - 0.85 μm/min.
Conclusions. The uniqueness of the results obtained is due to the use of the developed new method allowing to study not only the migration characteristics of cells, but also their deformation which affects movement in space-constrained conditions. The de-velopment of a relatively simple 3D device for monitoring the migration of tumor cells will undoubtedly be an important step to-wards improving the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Purpose. To study and compare the chemiluminescence parameters of the vitreous body aspirate during microinvasive ultrasonic 25G vitrectomy and pneumatic guillotine 25G vitrectomy.
Material and methods. The study was performed by chemiluminescence in the chemiluminometer "KhLM-003" (Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Russia) with subsequent analysis of chemiluminescence parameters light sum (S) and the maximum amplitude of the slow flash (Imax) on the intact vitreous body and on the vitreous aspirate of 16 Chinchilla rabbits eyes operated on by microinvasive ultrasonic 25G vitrectomy (main group, n=8) and pneumatic guillotine 25G vitrectomy (control group, n=8).
Results. The addition of aspirate samples to the model system increased the level of the light sum and the maximum luminosity. The difference in the light sum in case of the intact vitreous body in the main group was 16.7±6.2%, in the control group it was 14.2±9.3%. The tendencies towards an increase in the light sum and maximum luminosity revealed as a result of the study were comparable in the two groups, p>0,05.
Conclusion. There were no significant differences in parameters of vitreous aspirate chemiluminescence during microinvasive ultrasonic and pneumatic guillotine 25G vitrectomy.

Purpose – morphometric study of the effects of Cd and Pb heavy metals on the renal cortex of Wistar rats of prepubertal age.
Material and methods. During 3 weeks male Wistar rats (adolescents, aged 4 weeks) per os received Cd sulfate solution at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (group 2), Pb acetate solution at a dose of 10 mg/kg (group 3), or their combination (group 4). The control group (group 1) received saline. Morphometric study of renal corpuscles, proximal and distal tubules on semi-thin sections of the renal cortex was performed.
Results and discussion. Under conditions of chronic exposure to subtoxic doses of Cd and/or Pb, statistically significant histological changes were revealed comparing to the control group: an increase in the area of the free Bowman’s spaces and the total area of the renal corpuscle; decrease in the height of epithelial cells of the proximal and, to a lesser extent, distal tubules, with an increase in the diameter and area of the tubular lumen. The most prominent histological changes were induced by Pb used singly.
Conclusions. Using morphometry, the prerequisites for the development of structural and functional disorders of the kidneys were revealed, such as atrophy of the epithelium of the proximal tubules and congestive changes in the renal corpuscles.

The objective of our work was to study the dynamic variability of the optical density of the bone tissue of the first rib in women in different age groups without signs of osteoporosis.
Material and methods. The study was performed on chest scans of 78 women aged 20 to 50 years. Measurements on tomograms were carried out in the horizontal plane using the RadiAnt program. The results of osteometry were processed by statistical methods using the Statistica 13.0 package: the width of the two-sided confidence interval, the interquartile range, was estimated. The significance of differences was assessed by the Mann-Whitney test, at p≤0.05. Spearman's correlation analysis p≤0.05 was performed. On the tomograms, the optical density of the tubercle of the first rib, the anterior end of the bone part of the first rib, and the base of the coracoid process of the scapula were measured. All measurements were taken from women who were randomized by age and chest shape. The shape of the chest was determined using the Haller index.
Results. The density range of the tubercle of the first rib in women with different types of chests and of different age groups varied from +380 HU to +700 HU. Optical bone density at the level of the anterior end of the first rib ranges from +170 HU to +490 HU. The optical density of the base of the coracoid process showed values from +190 HU to +560 HU. The maximum number of correlations is observed in women with a gracile shape of the chest at the age of 31-50 years.
Conclusions. The areas of the first rib and the base of the coracoid process of the scapula that we have chosen can be prognostic reference points for studying osteoporotic changes, and should be the object of focused attention in routine and targeted CT examinations of the chest organs.

Objective is to study the architectonics variants of the internal iliac artery (IIA), its main branches, to determine clinically significant atypical variants, to estimate their frequency and applied significance using 3D modeling (based on CT-angiography data).
Material and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the results of multiphase spiral computed tomographic angiography (MSCTA) with the formation of 3D models (n=100) in the "3D Slicer" program (www.3dslicer.org). According to the data of threedimensional image of the arterial bed, guided by the topographic features of the main branches of the IIA, only its well visualized branches were evaluated: anterior and posterior trunks (AT and PT), the obturator artery (OA), the inferior gluteal artery (IGA), the superior gluteal artery (SGA), the internal pudendal artery (IPA), the ilio-lumbar artery (ILA), and the lateral sacral arteries (LSA).
Results. The IIA had typical architectonics in the majority of cases (63%) and atypical in 37% of cases. In a typical architectonics the AT branches were OA, IGA, IPA, and the PT branches were SGA, ILA, and LSA. We identified 9 atypical variants which were divided into 3 groups. The first group is related to the peculiarities of the IGA and IPA branches. The second group concerns the peculiarities of OA origin, which, unlike the typical variant, started from the PT or directly from the main trunk of the IIA. The third group includes the variants of ILA branching directly from the main IIA trunk.
Conclusions. The IIA and its branches have a wide range of branching options.

The objective of the study is to identify the main anatomical features and obtain new data on the descriptive and quantitative anatomy of the petrous part of the temporal bone of the fetus from 16 to 22 weeks of development.
Material and methods. The study material was 60 fetuses of both sexes, without malformations, at the gestation period of 16-22 weeks, taken from the collection of the Department of Human Anatomy of the OrSMU. А set of standard morphological techniques was used: macromicroscopic preparation, morphometry, photographing, histotopographic method and statistical processing of the obtained results.
Results. It was revealed that throughout the studied period of ontogenesis, the petrous part of the temporal bone is fully formed, densely covered with the dura mater and does not differ in any way from the pyramid of an adult person. The results of measuring the length of the pyramid show that its average value increases from 16 to 22 weeks of prenatal ontogenesis. In addition, in this period, some fetal features of its anatomy are revealed in the petrous part of the temporal bone.
Conclusion. The results obtained during the study, expand and supplement the available information on the anatomy and topography of the petrous part of the temporal bone, and may be useful for a deeper understanding of the formation and development of the presented area.

One of the indicators of the effectiveness of ongoing immunoprophylaxis and the use of funds is the stabilization of the incidence rate of a specific infectious disease or reduction in it, taking into account the volume of immunobiological agents (IBA) supplied.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the costs allocated for vaccination with the use of IBA in the Re- public of Bashkortostan.
Material and methods. The initial materials were data from reports on the receipt of IBA under the Federal Target Program for the period of 2015-2019. In the course of the research, the method of content analysis, economic and statistical method (grouping and comparison method), ABC-123 analysis technology were used.
Results and discussion. It was revealed that an increase in the cost of purchasing and delivery of IBA leads to a decrease in the incidence of infectious diseases, except for the incidence of influenza. Against the background of a decrease in the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan by 0.6% during the period of 2017-2019, and an increase in the number of doses supplied by 65.6% dur- ing the period of 2016-2018, there is a rise in the incidence of influenza by 62,4% during the period of 2017-2019; which indicates the low effectiveness of the costs allocated for vaccination against influenza in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Purpose is to analyze the current trends in the physical development of young people.
Material and methods. A one-stage study was conducted with the formation of two samples - females and males (aged 18 to 21 years). Height, body weight were measured with the calculation of BMI; the shape of the abdomen was measured according to the formula dist .bicostarum / dist.bispinarum * 100. The classification of abdominal shapes with intragroup gradation was used. The body type was determined with the Pinier index (classification of M.V. Chernorutsky). The results were subjected to statistical pro-cessing.
Results and conclusions. Most of the subjects have a BMI within the normal range. In females (97%), the shape of the abdomen is expanded downwards, which corresponds to the "female" shape of the abdomen. In males (55%), the "female" form of the abdo-men was also more often observed. When analyzing the type of body-build and the shape of the abdomen, there was no correlation revealed in females. Hypersthenic body type is characteristic for young men with an upwardly expanded abdominal shape, whereas males with «female» and ovoid shapes of abdomen are normosthenic. Anthropometric indicators in young men indicate the possible influence of a sedentary lifestyle or other factors. This requires further study of this issue.

Purpose is to review the experience of using Kyzylmay®, Kyzylmay® with propolis, Sandthorn with Kyzylmay®, manufactured by FitOleum LLP, in inflammatory gynecological diseases.
Material and methods. Therapy of 203 patients with inflammatory gynecological diseases on the basis of the City Polyclinic No. 8 of Almaty, with standard treatment in complex therapy with suppositories "Kyzylmay®", "Kyzylmay® with propolis", "Sandthorn with Kyzylmay®" was reviewed. The data of patients were divided into four groups according to the names of the medicines and one control group.
Results and discussion. At the end of complex therapy, most patients stopped complaining of discharge and itching. Bacteriological examination did not reveal yeast growth in any of them. Most patients with erosion and/or ectopia of the cervix noted an improvement in their condition, and a visual decrease in cervical erosion was also recorded. In more than 80% of patients in the control group, erosion and hyperemia of the cervix remained.
Conclusions. As a result of the use of suppositories "Kyzylmay®", "Kyzylmay® with propolis" and "Sandthorn with Kyzylmay®" (manufacturer LLP "FitOleum", Kazakhstan) in the complex therapy, a positive effect on the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the vagina, erosions and ectopia of the cervix was determined.

There was a comparative study carried out regarding the approaches to the standardization of medicinal plant raw materials and medicinal herbal preparations in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition and the European Pharmacopoeia of the 10th edition. The main differences in the identification and determination of the quantitative content of biologically active compounds in medicinal plant raw materials in Russia and the European Union have been provided. Substances of reference standards used in both pharmacopoeias are not present in the studied objects, especially when conducting a qualitative analysis. The increasing role of reference standards in modern pharmaceutical analysis has been confirmed. To ensure the quality, efficacy and safety of herbal medicines when used in medical practice, the need for a systematic approach to their standardization was shown, which will allow establishing scientifically based standards for the content of biologically active compounds in herbal raw materials and preparations. In this regard, it is necessary to provide the unification of methods for identifying and quantifying of biologically active compounds using modern instrumental methods of analysis.