The article presents the results of the analysis of the lipid profile in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy in patients with GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) and in pregnant women with different degrees of obesity. The study included 182 women. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL) were evaluated. Atherogenic coefficient (AC) was calculated. In all patients the concentration of cholesterol increased significantly with the gestational age (p <0.05), however, in patients with obesity, the initial high level of cholesterol was noted with a further moderate increase by the third trimester. The lowest level of cholesterol is noted in the group of pregnant women with GDM in both the first and the third trimester. In the first trimester of pregnancy in obese pregnant women an increased level of cholesterol (more than 5.2 mmol / l) is significantly more common: I degree is 14, with II - 16 and III-17 (40%, 36% and54%, respectively). No significant difference was found in LDL-levels in patients with I and III degree of obesity, however, in pregnant women with II degree of obesity and GDM the level of LDL in the third trimester was significantly higher (p <0.05).

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of anemia in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC), to study age-gender characteristics, to determine the severity of the anemic syndrome and how to correct this state.The data obtained during a retrospective analysis of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the gastroenterological department of the Clinic of Bashkir State Medical University and the Republican Clinical Hospital n.a. G.G. Kuvatov of Ufa were analyzed. The prevalence of anemia was detected in 348 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC).It has been established that patients with anemic syndrome predominate over patients without anemia in both BD and NUC, and most often these patients have anemia of moderate severity; in cases of BD, anemic syndrome is more common in women between20-29, 40-49 and 50-59 years, and in NUC both in women and men, it is detected equally between the ages of 20-29 and 30-39.As for the correction of this condition, not all patients with anemic syndrome get therapy with iron preparations.

The influence of metabolic disorders on the course of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) was assessed by determining the correlation between a number of laboratory parameters and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The study was based on the analysis of cohort examination of patients with chronic hepatitis C. The frequency of registration of liver steatosis, according to puncture biopsy, was58.2%. HCV was accompanied not only by severe cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes, but also by lipid metabolism disorders. Theresults of the study confirm the need for clinical alertness against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with HCV infection.

In order to assess the diagnostic effectiveness of laboratory tests that will establish the degree of kidney injury by acoustic waves, the levels of urinary excretion of albumin, β2 microglobulin, cystatin C and NGAL in patients with urolithiasis after distant nephrolithotripsy sessions were investigated. To analyze the predictive efficiency of these markers, characteristic curves (ROC-curve) were constructed. According to the data obtained, it can be concluded that NGAL is applicable as an informative biomarker of kidney injury during lithotripsy and assessment of complications associated with the procedure.

The aim of the study was to investigate the main components of the quality of life (QOL) of infants, depending on the duration of breastfeeding. The indicators of QOL depending on the duration of breastfeeding in 280 infants were studied. QUALIN question-naire was used to study QOL. In the first group of infants, no significant differences in the assessment of QOL by both parents and pediatricians, both on separate scales and on the total score, were revealed. In the II group of children there were differences in the assessments of QOL by parents and pediatricians. Thus, the indicators of the scale «Behavior and communication», in accordance with parents, were significantly lower than those according to pediatricians (p = 0.004). At the same time, parents significantly higher than pediatricians, evaluated the quality of life of children on a scale of «Neuro-mental development and physical health» (p=0.036), and the total score (p = 0.015). In the third group of infants, parents significantly higher than pediatricians evaluated the indicators of QOL on the scale of «Behavior and communication» (p = 0.002) and the total score (p = 0.05). There were no significant differences in the assessment of individual aspects and the overall score of QL of group IV children between parents and pediatricians. Thus, according to the assessment of parents and pediatricians, the increase in the duration of breastfeeding is accompanied by an improvement in the quality of life of children. The results are an additional argument in favor of the protection and support of breastfeeding of infants.

The paper is devoted to the problem of helminthiasis in HIV-infected patients. The authors present the study of features of asca- riasis as one of the commonest parasitic diseases against deep immune deficiency in HIV patients. The study demonstrates different kinds of ascariasis course and shows the main clinical symptoms of parasitic invasion. By specific examples the authors reveal that even with the constant use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) by HIV-infected patients, with low values of immune status and viral load, the addition of secondary parasitic invasion provokes a drop in the immune status. After anthelmintic treatment, the immune status of HIV-infected quickly restores to average values.

The problem of helminthiasis in HIV-infected persons is relevant today, due to the fact that parasitic invasions tend to grow both worldwide and in Russia. Helminthiasis in HIV-infected patients are often found to be secondary infections, aggravating the development of HIV and leading to severe disease. The article presents the experimental and clinical data of the study of immune characteristics in HIV-infected patients in subclinical stage 3 with the presence of helminthiasis and the effect of antiparasitic treatment against the background of antiretroviral therapy on their immune status.

The aim of the study was to select the optimal access for chemoembolization of the hepatic artery. The choice of optimal access for the x-ray surgeon reduces the operation time, and therefore the radiation load on the patient and medical staff, increases the capacity of the operating room, improves the quality of life of the patient in the postoperative period, reduces the risks of postoperative complications associated with access.A comparative assessment of femoral and radial access was carried out. The advantages of transradial access during chemoembolization of the hepatic artery are shown.

Aortic stenosis (AS) is currently prevalent disease wherein there is a narrowing outlet of left ventricle (LV) and left ventricle blood ejection failure during systole. The prevalence of this pathology is about 0.5% in population and increases sharply among the group of patients older than 70 years and, is usually associated with age-related valve calcification. Gradual progressive disposition and thickening of the valve flaps leads to aortic valve opening narrowing. This results in a systolic pressure gradient between left ventricle and aorta.In 2002, an endovascular aortic valve prosthesis was created. This type of surgery has revolutionized the treatment of «non-operable» aortic stenosis. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in Russia has been carried out since 2009, and to date quite a lot of experience has been accumulated using such technology. Especially severe course and the most unfavorable prognosis of this disease is observed in patients with combined acute coronary disease.

The aim of the research was to study the impact of intraperitoneal hypertension and acute blood loss on the severity of ischemia of abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal organs. The research was conducted on 36 meat piglets of both sexes with an average weight of 11,7±0,7 kg for the purpose of studying the blood lactate indices as a marker of tissue ischemia as well as living organs ischemia at the levels of the intra-abdominal pressure modelled in an experiment as 15, 20 and 25 mmHg on a background of the modelled acute loss of 10 and 20% of blood volume. Under intratracheal anesthesia and through the catheterized arterial vein the required volume of the circulating blood was collected within 30 minutes. Intraperitoneal hypertension was modelled by creating an extended pneumoperitoneum with the help of an insufflator. The blood lactate index was measured before the intense pneumoperitoneum and during it at the 180th minute. The structure of these data allowed us to use the method of variance analysis. Since we dealt with the results of accurate measurements it was possible to use a very informative method - Fisher’s parametric analysis of variance. As the groups volume turned out to be small for the reliability of statistical evaluations Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance was used. For the pairwise intergroup comparison Mann-Whitney U-test was applied.Outside the intraperitoneal hypertension the blood lactate index in the tested animals was 2,29±0,32 mmol/L. In regard to the average index of lactate before the intraperitoneal hypertension the animals of all the groups were in equal «starting points». On the background of acute blood loss and the increase of intraperitoneal pressure the blood lactate index rises that testifies the develop-ment of intraperitoneal ischemia. And with the increasing volume of the lost blood at the same indices of intraperitoneal pressure thelactate index also increases significantly, that means a direct positive correlation of the severity of the abdominal cavity ischemia and retroperitoneal space with the severity of blood loss under the intra-abdominal hypertension.

Natural polysaccharides, possessing a wide spectrum of physiological effects, can be promising drug candidates. The methods proposed by the State Pharmacopoeia for the determination of sugars are not always suitable for the analysis of complex polymers. The purpose of this article is modification of the anthrone-sulfur method for the quantitative determination of birch leaves polysaccharides ( Betula pendula Roth., Betula pubescens Ehrh. ) in a substance. The hydrolysis parameters were tested: it was proposed to carry out hydrolysis for 30 minutes in a boiling water bath with 98% sulfuric acid. It is proposed to replace the standard substance by rhamnose, due to the nature of the composition of the object being studied. Ultrafiltration should be applied before analysis to increase the specificity of the method. It was established that the method is valid by all studied characteristics.

Potentially high frequency of thrombosis determines the need to find and develop new means to correct hemostasis system. This article shows the findings of antiaggregatory activity of newly synthesized derivatives of 7-thietanil-8-piperazinoxanthines and new salicylates with aminoacids regarding functional activity of platelets during intravenous injection in rats and assessment of efficiency of their preventive application under conditions of carotid thrombosis.The findings show that the most antiaggregatory activity in rats is expressed during intravenous injection of a compound with the lab name code 'la', which is a piperazin-containing xanthine by its chemical structure. This compound also shows high potential as a means to prevent carotid thrombosis in rats.Thus, there is a ground to prove the prospects to search for potential antiplateletes among derivatives of these kind and to give reasons to choose the most active compound for preclinical research.

Magnetic microparticles attract a special interest because of possibility of their using in different areas of science and technology. Among methods of their obtaining, huge interest is presented by chemical methods, because of low cost of reagents, simplicity and rapidity methods and possibility to carry out size-controlled synthesis, by changing synthesis parameters. In this regard, evaluation of influence of these parameters on particles size is an actual problem. This study presents a method of synthesis of microparticles Fe(0) by restoration of FeCl3 with NaBH4 and their stabilization with 4-carboxybenzyldiazonium tosylate. During the experiments, the influence of synthesis parameters, such as initial concentrations of NaBH4, FeCl3, 4-carboxybenzyldiazonium tosylate and also time of stabilization on Fe(0) microparticles were evaluated. Among them, the greatest influence was rendered by concentration of stabilizing agent and time of stabilization. Significant increase of microparticles size occurred with low concentration of 4- carboxybenzyldiazonium tosylate and insufficient time of stabilization.As a result, the data obtained in this study can be used as practical recommendations for size-controlled synthesis of Fe(0) microparticles.

The purpose of the study was to obtain data on the age characteristics of the glands of vaginal vestibule in women in terms of relative norm.The macromicroscopic method was used to study the small glands of the vestibule of the vagina in 84 female corpses from theneonatal period to the old age (inclusive). Total preparations of the vaginal vestibule glands were stained using the R.D. Sinelnikov’s method. The total number of small glands, their shape, the length and width of their initial part, the diameter of their common excretory duct were determined. The results showed that on total preparations of the walls of the vestibule of the vagina, the glands take the shape of dark-blue compact formations, which are located against the light pink background of the surrounding organ wall. In newborn girls, the glandular apparatus of the vaginal vestibule is structurally formed. The maximum sizes of glands of the vagina are defined in the 1st period of mature age. Expansion of the excretory ducts of the glands occurs sequentially throughout postnatal ontogenesis. The diameter of the common duct of the small glands of the vestibule, regardless of age, increases in the vestibule walls in the anterior-posterior direction.

The article provides a rare clinical of localization of trichobezozoar in the ileum, which caused acute obstructive obstruction of the small intestine. Hair balls of the intestine are rare. This pathology is most often observed in children (girls) who have a habit of sucking and swallowing their own hair or wool, suffering from trichotillomania on the background of mental decompression. After hair in large quantities are processed with gastric juice, the lump becomes sticky. Due to this, food masses quickly stick to it. Thus, a dense calculus is gradually formed. Trichobezoar without digesting, begins to move into the intestine and can provoke acute pain and blockage of the intestine, thereby causing acute intestinal obstruction.

The article describes a rare case of mucocele (cystic stretching) of the maxillary sinus with a pronounced clinical picture in two female patients. Diagnostics is based on preoperative examinations: oral cavity examination, cytology, X-ray of the paranasal sinuses and computed tomography of the bones of the facial skeleton. In both cases, complaints of visual impairment were noted in the form of a decrease in its acuity and diplopia. The results of the histological study obtained after the surgical study allowed us to confirm the diagnosis. Surgical treatment was performed under general anesthesia. This case of cystic stretching of the maxillary sinus is interesting because the patient turned to the maxillofacial surgeons after unsuccessful treatment by an ophthalmologist two years after the onset of symptoms. When a patient complains about diplopia, it is recommended to make a CT scan of the paranasal sinuses.

The problem of premature babies is one of the most urgent in modern pediatrics. The rate of premature births in the developed world is 512.5% and has been rising in recent years. The problem of prematurity is of a clearly expressed medical and social nature: to date, the contribution of premature infants to neonatal mortality is 70%, and the incidence is 75%.With the accumulation of experience in nursing and treatment of premature infants, there is a progressive reduction in losses among these children. In this regard, a serious concern of pediatricians is the state of health, the frequency of developmental disorders and disability of prematurely born children in remote periods of childhood.The study of health indicators of prematurely born children in preschool age is of particular interest not only for pediatricians, but also for teachers and parents. However, in the modern literature there is very little information about physical, somatic health and psychosocial maturity of pre-school children born prematurely. This article presents the data of literary sources on this problem.

One of the most common gynecological diseases is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The extensive clinical picture and the diversity of the processes involved in this disease can lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of life of women.The review considers multifactorial clinical manifestations of PCOS. Various clinical manifestations of the syndrome are described, including, along with reproductive disorders, the development of carbohydrate tolerance associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases in the long term as the consequences of this disease. For timely diagnosis, it is now necessary to adhere to the Rotterdam Diagnostic Criteria (2004), which include: detection of polycystic ovaries (ultrasound); violation of the menstrual cycle (anovulation or oligo-ovulation); biochemical or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism.Clinical manifestations of PCOS vary from menstrual disorders, hirsutism, alopecia, hyperinsulinemia, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, obesity to insulin resistance, mental disorders, infertility and endometrial cancer. When women with PCOS become pregnant, the risk of developing obstetric complications (gestational diabetes, pregnancy hypertension, pre-eclampsia and related complications, the risk of morbidity in the newborn) is increased. Clinical manifestations in women with PCOS should be differentiated from diseases and conditions where symptoms may coincide: hypothalamic amenorrhea, premature ovarian insufficiency, androgen-producing tumors, syndrome or Сushing’s disease, acromegaly, taking into account the age of adolescence, reproductive, menopausal period.

One of the most common diseases of abdominal surgery is acute appendicitis (AA). The frequency of this disease according to domestic and foreign sources is 3-4 cases per 1000 people. In pregnant women, AA is observed in 0.03-5,2% of cases and does not tend to decrease. The urgency of the problem of early diagnosis of AA is justified by the fact that this pathology may occur during pregnancy, parturition, the postpartum period, hiding acute surgical pathology under the mask of gynecological diseases. AA in pregnant women provides a formidable pathology that threatens the health of the mother and fetus, due to the fact that it can cause surgical and perinatal complications. The review presents the main diagnostic techniques used by doctors of various specialties, since the diagnosis of AA in pregnant women presents significant difficulties due to the unclear and worn out classic symptoms and signs that mimic the symptoms of gynecological, surgical and somatic pathology in pregnant women.

The article presents a literature review on ischemic conditioning and its influence on myocardial contractile function in ischemia/reperfusion. Ischemic conditioning causes cardioprotection; the final size of the infarction zone after myocardial ischemia is much smaller. However, whether ischemic conditioning has a beneficial effect on myocardial contractility after ischemia/reperfusion remains unknown. To date, ex vivo studies have shown that ischemic conditioning improves contractile recovery of isolated ventricular papillary muscle or atrial trabecula after simulated ischemia. Nevertheless, as it was found, the results of animal studies do not match the results of studies on patients undergoing elective heart surgery, and ultimately are contradictory. Ischemic conditioning at the subcellular level improves energy metabolism, preserves mitochondrial respiration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and Ca2+ homeostasis in isolated myocardial mitochondria. Ischemic conditioning represents a post-translational modification of proteins of the contractile apparatus of the myocardium. However, the long-term results and positive effects of ischemic conditioning on myocardial contractile function are doubtful today and need further study.