Increasing frequency of the dry eye syndrome (DES) and diabetes leads to the fact that the ophthalmologist more often faces the symptoms of both diseases.This review is aimed at studying the issues of the incidence, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and the importance of early diagnosis of DES in patients with diabetes for early treatment of pathological conditions of the anterior segment of the eye.

Nowadays ultrasound phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the most common method of cataract treatment. Medico-technical improvements of phacoemulsification aim to increase safety, reduce the rehabilitation period, achieve high clinical and functional results. Despite modern advances in cataract surgery, each of its stages is associated with certain difficulties and the risk of complications. In this article the existing methods of the important stage of cataract surgery - irrigation and aspiration of cortical masses during ultrasound phacoemulsification are presented. The analysis of possible intra- and postoperative complications is described.

One of the main problems of ultrasonic phacoemulsification of cataract is damage of endothelial cells and a burn of the corneal incision.Various researchers have previously developed and continue to develop alternative methods of lens destruction to devoid imperfections of ultrasound. The presented review of domestic and foreign literature is devoted to modern technological solutions that allow to reduce the dose of ultrasound exposure during phacoemulsification of cataract.

Myopia is one of the most urgent current issues in ophthalmology. The incidence of myopia in developed countries is steadily increasing. Many works tend to confirm polyetiological and pathogenetic complexity of the development of myopia. In recent decades, extensive research are being conducted to identify genes associated with myopia, which can give impetus to the development of targeted pathogenetic therapy to prevent the development and progression of myopia. Every single gene can encode multiple phenotypic traits. Study of the relationship of polymorphism of these genes with the development of myopia will allow a better understanding of the molecular nature of the process of eye emmetropization.

A large number of diagnostic methods in ophthalmology allow to understand and further explore the mechanisms of the development of various pathologies of retina and optic nerve. One of the important components of the diagnosis of this pathology is electrophysiological studies. Electrophysiological studies help to understand the functional aspects of the pathogenesis of diseases, due to an understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the transfer of the electrochemical impulse that arises in response to light stimuli. The use of functional research allows to accumulate and expand knowledge about the pathology of the retina and optic nerve, makes possible the precise diagnostics, predict the disease, study the response to therapy, and evaluate the results of surgical treatment.In this review, the main experimental and clinical methods of electrophysiological research used at present are considered.

The article presents an overview of scientific publications devoted to the issues of etiopathogenesis of primary open-angle glau- coma in terms of vascular disorders. Hemocirculatory changes of both central and local circulation, accompanying its glaucoma process, are the most important link in the pathogenesis of diseases. The influence of the disease associated with chronic circulatory disorders of the brain on local changes in hemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma is described here.Currently, clinical methods are available for modern methods of assessing the eye blood flow, allowing non-invasive examina- tion of blood flow in the microvascular channel of the retina and the optic nerve disk. High information content of optical coherence tomography with the function of angiography allows to visualize the picture of microcirculation of the retina and to make a quantita-tive assessment of blood flow.

Astigmatism is an extremely urgent problem of modern medicine. Surgical methods hold leadership in the treatment of patients with refractive disorders. Implantation of toric intraocular lenses is the most effective treatment of astigmatism. However, errors in the calculation of the optical power of a lens and the axis marking can lead to poor treatment results and additional surgical interventions. Further clinical trials are needed to investigate the accuracy that can be achieved in the positioning of the toric intraocular lens using existing toric intraocular lens alignment systems and the development of high-performance, accurate, reliable, safe and costeffective labeling methods to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with astigmatism.

The article presents a review of the literature about modern aspects of endoillumination systems used for vitrectomy: a brief history of their development is presented, modern and prospective sources of illumination are described, their basic physical parameters and the risk of phototoxic hazard during the implementation of endovitreal interventions is discussed.

Currently, one of the most relevant problems of ophthalmology is myopia and its treatment. This article presents the results of a Doppler examination of the local hemodynamics of the eye in patients with high degree of myopia (17 patients (34 eyes)) after carboxytherapy. The treatment included 5 sessions of subcutaneous injections of carbon dioxide into the reflex paracular points at in- tervals of one day. As a result of the therapy, a tendency to improve local hemodynamics of the eye and subjective sensations in the patients view has been revealed.

The study aimed to create a stepwise method for treatment of recurrent cornea erosion syndrome associated with herpetic and cytomegalovirus infections, using a complex treatment involving platelet-rich plasma (PRP).Experimental part of the study was performed to estimate the sterility of PRP. Clinical part of the study involved 30 patientswith chronic corneal erosions of herpes virus etiology. All patients had previously unsuccessful courses of reparative therapy. As the control the condition of the patients before the beginning of PRP therapy was used. To evaluate the efficacy of treatment we used the system of counting an index of corneal lesion by sectors in points.The study demonstrated a positive effect of the method with gradual decrease of corneal lesion index. A treatment algorithm for managing patients tolerant to common reparative therapy was developed. The average index of the corneal lesion before the 2-nd step of treatment was 7,2 points. At 4 and 8 week it was 4.2 and 2.8 points respectively.Thus, the study reveals a positive effect of PRP application during corneal erosion treatment in comparison with standard methods of therapy

The article presents the results of optical kinesiotherapy using Zenica simulator in the first grade of school. In the main group there was a significant increase in the positive stock of accommodation and indicators of stability of visual acuity to defocusing for a long distance and for a short distance after two courses of treatment. In the main group, the achieved results were maintained throughout the school year, whereas in the control group these indicators decreased significantly. Between the obtained results of the stability of visual acuity to defocusing for a long distance and for a short distance it was found a highly significant correlation (correlation coefficient 0.946, p <0.001).

At the moment, the number of corneal blindness in the world is growing, which is a great medical and social problem. It is promising to find new means of preventing corneal opacity, as well as to accelerate the rate of corneal regeneration in infected traumas. One of the new ways of treating injuries and burns of the cornea is the use of antibacterial polymeric membranes with immunomodulating effect, the action of which is aimed both at destroying the pathogens of infection in the area of damage and stimulating local immunity. Under the in vivo experiment on the adult rabbits, an infected corneal injury was modeled in three groups. In the control group, treatment was not performed, standard therapy was performed in the comparison group, in the experimental group treatment was performed using antibacterial polymeric membranes with immunomodulating effect. The fastest rates of complete restoration of the integrity of the epithelium of the cornea were revealed in the experimental group. At day 7, the cornea completely regenerated in the comparison group. The use of antibacterial polymeric membranes with immunomodulating effect is a promising method of treatment of infected corneal injuries.

Intraoperative optical coherence tomography of posterior segment of the eye captured during vitrectomy in patients with various surgical pathologies of retina and vitreous body were analyzed. The most frequent changes in macular surgery were the presence of hyporeflectivity of the outer nuclear layer (93.8% of idiopathic macular hole cases, in 100% of epiretinal fibrosis), in surgery of rheumatogenous retinal detachment - presence of cystoid edema of the neuroepithelium (90% of cases), in diabetic proliferative retinopathy blurriness of neuroepithelial layers (100% of cases) and cystic edema of neuroepithelium (33.3% of cases).

In the Сenter of laser vision recovery "Optimed" (Ufa) 30 patients (30 eyes) before and after surgical treatment of idiopathic macular holes (IMH) were studied. All patients before surgery and in the postoperative period underwent a comprehensive examination (visual acuity testing, tonometry, biomicroscopy, perimetry), and also evaluation of morphometric parameters of the macular zone with the use of spectral optical coherence tomography (SOCT) before the operation and for 3 months after surgery. The most favorable in relation to recovery of anatomical integrity and micro-layers of the neuroepithelium in foveola in the postoperative period are small and average diameters of the macular hole (by J. S. Duker). Surgery of macular holes with large diameter and "saped" edges is anatomically effective, however, in most cases, it is accompanied by preservation of micro-defects of layers of the neuroepithelium and the uneven configuration of the fovea.

The aim of the study was to measure the effect of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on changes in the macular area of the retina in patients with diabetes. The study included 32 patients (32 eyes) with diabetes who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. Retinal thickness in the fovea and macular volume were measured by optical coherence tomography after 1 week, 1 and 3 months after surgery. A statistically significant increase in the fovea thickness from 230.24 ±15.18 μm to 242.38 ± 18.72 μm (p <0.05) and the volume of the macular area from 9.38 ± 0.56 mm3 to 9.72 ± 0.47 mm3 (p <0.05) occurred between the first week and the first month after surgery. After 3 months, the fovea thickness reached 246.31 ± 21.14 μm, the macular volume achieved 9.87 ± 0.59 mm3. The first day and the first week after surgery, no significant differences were observed among these indicators. Thus, the maximum increase in the fovea thickness and the macular volume in patients with diabetes is observed between the first week and the first month after surgery, the increasing trend persists up to three months of postoperative period. This can be important in determining the duration of medical therapy for the prevention of macular edema after phacoemulsification.

The research was made to study the effect of therapeutic complexes, which included angiotensin receptor inhibitors (valsartan, irbesartan) on the anticoagulant, fibrinolytic and antiaggregational function of the vascular wall in 53 patients with arterial hypertension of the first (I)-second(II) degree, who suffered from an acute pathology of the retinal vessels and optic nerve. Thrombosis of the central retinal vein or its branches was observed in 35 patients (66,0%), the occlusion of the central retinal arteria was observed in 5 patients (9,4%), vascular optic neuropathy was observed in 13 patients (24,6%). It was established, that the use of the therapeutic complex, which includes valsartan, leads to normalization of the vascular wall functions for 4 months of treatment with constant effect up to 12 months of observation. The use of irbesartan in the treatment improves, but does not normalize, the functions of the vascular wall by the 4th month of treatment, and has a tendency to decrease the achieved effect in the future, so the risk of thrombosis is observed in this category of patients.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus and ranks first among the causes of blindness in persons of working age. The purpose of the research was to study the effecacy of surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in combination with cataract. The study observed 43 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with traction retinal detachment and cataract, divided into two groups depending on the treatment tactics. Preliminary results of the study showed equal effectiveness of combined surgical treatment of PDR and cataract in patients of the first group and delayed removal of complicated cataract after vitrectomy in patients of the second group. Development of neovascularization of the iris in the long-term postoperative period was observed in both groups: in 8 patients of the first and 7 patients of the second group, which indicates the need for further investigation of the progression of DR, determination of the relationship of the development of complications with the timing of cataract removal.

Timely detection and treatment of ocular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a top priority. At the late stages of the disease, the prognosis for recovery of vision is disappointing.The aim of work is to analyze the structure and effectiveness of therapy for ocular complications of diabetes mellitus.52 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other ocular complications of DM being treated at the ophthalmologic center in Ufa in 2016 were examined. 35 (67.3%) patients had non-proliferative, 3 (5.7%) - pre-proliferative and 14 (27%) - proliferative stage of DR.Often patients with diabetic retinopathy had cataract (79%), mainly (80%) in the nonproliferative stage. In 21% of cases, severe complications of the posterior segment of the eye (such as diabetic maculopathy, haemophthalmus, traction retinal detachment) and secondary neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in the proliferative stage of the DR were detected.Surgical treatment including phacoemulsification with IOL implantation (38), vitrectomy with retinal detachment and haemophthalmus (4), and sinus trabeculectomy with NVG (1) was conducted in 82.7% of cases. The remaining 17.3% of patients received conservative treatment.Therapeutic efficacy was achieved in 100% of cases in the nonproliferative stage, and in 78.5% of cases in the proliferative stage.Visual acuity increased after operative and conservative treatment, the average was 0.42±0.3 and 0.41±0.3, the initial visual acuity was 0,33±0,2 and 0,28±0,3 respectively.Hypotensive effect was achieved in 96% of cases, average IOP was 16.5±4.3 with a maximum value of 38 mm Hg at the initial -18.4±5.4 with a maximum value of 41 mm Hg.

At present, there are significant difficulties in systematizing the results of studies of angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy (DR), due to the lack of a classification reflecting the options for the development of this process.The work aimed to elaborate a classification of the stages of development of pathological angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy.The basis of this study is the analysis of the results of monitoring the course of diabetic retinal lesions in patients of the department of vitreoretinal pathology of the Research Institute of Eye Diseases and the Ophthalmology Department of the 52nd City Clinical Hospital in Moscow from 1993 to the present.An important feature of DR, which, from our point of view, must be taken into account, is the reversibility of the retinal vascular lesion in diabetes at all stages, including proliferative. A stable remission of diabetic retinopathy can occur after treatment (panretinal laser coagulation of the retina or vitrectomy); and also it can arise "spontaneously" - in the absence of therapeutic measures taken in ophthalmic practice. In connection with the possibility of the onset of remission at different stages of angiogenesis, it is impossible to make a correct clinical and pathomorphological study without considering the stage of development in each case. In assessing the risk factors for the progression of DR, one must take into account that its evolution can occur in two ways: as a phase of development and a phase of regression. We considered expedient to subdivide each of these phases into stages. In the first case, the study makes it possible to study the stages of development of angiogenesis and the features of the structure of neovessels on each of them, in the second - the stages of its involution. The suggested classification seems convenient for ascertaining both clinical and pathomorphological stages of the evolution of the newly formed tissue. Each stage has a short designation and a clear decoding.

The objective of the work was to study the features of the architectonics of newly formed vessels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).67 epiretinal membranes removed during vitrectomy in patients with PDR, were studied by immunofluorescence and light microscopy. Antibodies to the following markers were used: von Willebrand factor (vWF) (Chemicon, USA), GAFP, ribonucleotide reductase (RR), (Umea, Sweden), DM 34, DM 45, Type IV collagen; then they were stained with secondary antibodies.135 light images of epiretinal membranes were studied by light microscopy. Before and after vitrectomy, in all patients who had received material for pathomorphological examination we performed color and black-and-white photos of the fundus and autofluorescence.Removed by a single block, the epiretinal membrane with PDR was a total film preparation in which all the structural elementsof the posterior membrane and the newly formed tissue were well visualized. The density of newly formed capillaries in the advanced stages of PDR increased at a distance from the epicenter of growth, and their caliber progressively decreased. The trunk vessels anastomosed with each other only in the upper (distal) sections. The architectonics of the newly formed vasculature with PDR varied, but the main feature was the absence of the signs of trophic function of such a hemocirculation system.

«Morning glory syndrome» (MGS) is a rare congenital pathology of unknown etiology, which manifests in childhood. In the literature MGS is often described in combination with various ophthalmological anomalies and other diseases, as well as a single pathology.The paper describes 3 clinical MGS cases with a classical fundus picture: a funnel-shaped disc with whitish glial tissue in thecenter and a pigment rim around the disc, macular displacement and abnormal retinal vessels.Additional examination of orbits and brain with the help of MRI revealed deformation of the posterior parts of the eyeball in the optic nerve disk region as a hernial protrusion 0.3 x 0.3x0.3 cm in size. The results of the study indicate that MGS is often a unilateral pathology. Active dynamic observation was recommended for all patients. Any difficulties in making the correct diagnosis require the referral of such patients to specialized ophthalmologic clinics.

The article describes the possibilities of examination of inner shells of the eye-ball with the help of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ultrasound. Study group included patients with diagnosed moderate or severe uveitis (31 people). The thickness of the complex of internal layers during ultrasound examination is less than 1.0 mm in 58%, 1.0-2.0 mm in 32.2%, more than 2.0 mm in 6.4% of patients. The average thickness was 1,034 mm±0,37. According to the results of optical coherence tomography, the thickness of the inner layers complex in the fovea was 598.03±154.47 μm (retina - 286.4±131.66 μm, choroid - 304.12±72.09 μm). At 1000 μm from the fovea, the thickness of the inner shell complex is, on average, 717.31±13.87 μm (the retina is 351.29±87.7 μm, the choroid is 366.02±110.0 μm). A direct correlation was found between the parameters of the thickness of the choroid, obtained with the help of OCT and ultrasound (p <0.05).

Complications of intermediate uveitis are an important medical and social problem.The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for screening diagnosis of chronic intermediate uveitis.In our study 208 patients (416 eyes) with diagnosed intermediate uveitis were observed. Average age is 32,4±5,2 years. The study included evaluation of patients’ complains and clinical data of slit-lamp biomicroscopy, as well as the results of ophthalmoscopy with sclerocompression. The obtained data were compared among the two groups of patients.The study revealed the most specific diagnostic signs of chronic intermediate uveitis. An algorithm for screening diagnosis has been developed. The most significant complaints are discomfort, blurred vision, the state of anterior eye surface.The suggested screening algorithm can help ophthalmologists to determine among all patients those with risk factors for intermediate uveitis, send them for further examination of external retinal periphery and to administer correct treatment.

We observed 105 patients (145 eyes). They were divided into 2 groups: with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) and with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In these groups all patients were divided depending on stage of the disease.The obtained results show that nitrite (NO2-) tear fluid levels were lower in patients with PEG than in normal eyes and patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Levels of endothelin-1 and TGF-β1 in tear fluid were significantly increased in PEG groupcompared with controls and patients with POAG. Concentration of endothelin-1 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)were minimal at the early stage of the PEG and increased in advanced stage while the lowest levels NO2- was determined at later stages of disease.Thus, alterations of NO2-, endothelin-1, TGF-β1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) tear fluid levels in patients with PEG have been noted.

The content of brain neurotrophic factor and neuron-specific enolase in lacrimal fluid in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma was determined. 25 patients (50 eyes) with open-angle glaucoma corresponding to the diagnostic criteria MKB-10 (H40) were examined. Levels of brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuronspecific enolase (NSE) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were found to be significantly higher than in the control group. Analysis of the contents of BDNF and NSE in the lacrimal fluid (LF) showed that there are some differences in patients with POAG at different stages of the process. A significant increase in the BDNF concentration in LV in patients with POAG II (1.37±0.41 ng/ml) and III (1.52±1.39 ng/ml) stages compared with the norm, probably indicates the need for neuronal retina to increase its resistance to damaging factors. In POAG stage I, the content of NSE (0,79±0,27 ng/ml) in the LF increased by 1.5 times, while stage II is 8.2%, with stage III - 11.3% and in stage IV disease - 1.7 times relative to the norm, which is an indicator of degeneration of retinal ganglion cells.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of endotheline-1, nitrogen oxide (NO) and transforming factor of growth beta 1 (TFG-β1) in serum of patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG); to determine their role in the development and progressing of PEG.We observed 85 patients (116 eyes) with PEG. They were divided into groups depending on the stage of the disease. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects (40 eyes).Our investigation found out, that in patients with PEG concentrations of transforming factor of growth beta 1 and endotheline-1 in serum were significantly increased compared with controls while NO serum levels were lower than in normal eyes. A linear asso-ciation was established between endotheline-1, nitrogen oxide (NO), transforming factor of growth beta 1 serum levels and pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma stage.

The study aimed to evaluate long-term results of implantation of drainage device Molteno-3 in patients with refractory glaucoma. The analysis of long-term results of implantation of drainage Molteno-3 in patients with refractory glaucoma has been made.The study included 22 patients (22 eyes) aged 39 to 82 years old, who were implanted a model with a platform size of 175 mm2.Hypotensive effect after 6 months was achieved in 90.9% of cases, after 1 year - in 100% of cases. In the early postoperative period complications were revealed in 18,3% of cases, among them the most common was the detachment of the vascular membrane (13,6%).Thus, analysis of the long-term results of surgical treatment of refractory glaucoma using drainage Molteno-3 showed high efficiency and safety of the use of this type of surgery with its relative technical simplicity.

The objective of the work is to study effectiveness of new modification of trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treatment.The operation using a new technique was performed in 28 patients (28 eyes) at the age of 51-73 years old with POAG. The ef-fectiveness of our modification of trabeculectomy was assessed during 12 months using standard methods. In the first week after surgery optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment of the eye (ASOCT) was performed, later - ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).When observing patients after surgery in 1 month, mean of intraocular pressure (IOP) was 10.0±1,91, after 6 mon. - 13,61±3,0, after 12 mon. - 17,93±4,09. In two cases there was an increase in IOP in terms of 8 months in one patient up to 26 mm Hg and in 10 months time in the second patient up to 27 mm Hg, which required an installation of hypotensive therapy, after the IOP was normalized.Thus, a new method of surgical treatment of POAG is efficient and allows to obtain a prolonged hypotensive effect.

Data on the study of the immune status of patients with ocular manifestations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome are rare. In this regard, it was interesting to study the immune system of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the midst of illness and during convalescence. Under observation there were 13 people in the acute phase of the disease (10 men and 3 women, aged 30-59 years old) and 12 people in the stage of convalescence (3 men and 9 women, aged 25-69 years old). Observed patients had moderate and severe forms of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, confirmed by serological studies, with lesions of the eye. The restoration of the immune status of patients undergoing moderate and severe forms, occurs in a long time. In the period of late convalescence the number of Rosette-forming lymphocytes normalized, the frequency of dysgammaglobulinemia significantly decreased, but the average number of CD19+ and natural killer (CD16+) remained significantly higher. At the stage of late convalescence, in addition to the abovementioned changes, functional activity of T-cells remained reduced, and levels of circulating immune complexes remained high.

The article presents the clinical features, efficiency of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for nonspecific inflammation of the orbit. On the basis of complex examination orbital pseudotumor was established in 16 patients: 6 (37,5%) males, 10 (62,5%) females aged 14-77. All patients received systemic therapy with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. According to localization of pathological changes the following diagnoses were made: dacryadenitis - 3 (18%), myositic pseudotumor - 8 (50%), diffuse orbital lesion - 5 (31%) patients. Ultrasound imaging of the orbit showed a preferential location and approximate dimensions of pseudotumor. Multispiral computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of orbit with contrast apopeared to be most informative. Histological examination revealed lymphocyte infiltration of the tissues, fibrosis and necrosis. Complete arrest of inflammation was observed in 9 (57%) patients after 3 months on the background of steroid therapy, the remaining patients required a longer course of treatment, including immunosuppressants.Thus, diagnosis of "Orbital Pseudotumor" is established by exclusion of other pathology of the orbit. The treatment is based onsuppression of autoimmune inflammation.

Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of retina that occurs in children at an early age, mainly under the age of five years. It almost never occurs in birth. Metachronous lesions in fellow eyes are more common. The cancer develops in both eyes in less than half of the cases. A case of congenital bilateral retinoblastoma diagnosed in five days old baby is presented. There is no family history of the disease. Tumor regression was obtained to the age of 12 months after eye-preserving combined chemo-radiation therapy. The child is under continual observation.

The purpose of the work is to study the features of the clinical picture, diagnosis of ophthalmic manifestations of neurosyphilis (NS).During 2008-2017 15 patients with NS were being treated in the Republican Dermatovenerological Clinic №1 in Ufa, of them 7(46.7%) in 2017.We have examined7 patients with newly diagnosed neurosyphilis (4 males, 3 females) aged 33-62. Neurosyphilis was diagnosed on the basis of a blood and cerebrospinal fluid study, a consultation of a neurologist, dermatovenerologist, ophthalmologist. In 5 patients neurosyphilis started with ophthalmic manifestations. In 2 patients (an old married couple) early asymptomatic neurosyphilis was determined by lumbar puncture after a latent syphilis.In 4 patients with meningovascular neurosyphilis damage to the organ of vision was manifested by chorioretinitis (1 case), uveitis (2 HIV-infected patients), optic neuritis (1 patient), and bilateral primary optic nerve atrophy in 1 patient with late NS. 80% of cases (8 eye) showed bilateral process, vision loss was from decimal places to light perception in 87,5 % cases (7 eyes). Increasingcases of neurosyphilis, especially its meningovascular forms with damage to the organ of vision, low-symptomatic clinical manifes-tations require further improvement of the diagnosis of this pathology.

The article views the results of studies of changes in the vessels of the microcirculatory bed of bulbar conjunctiva, liver, kidneys during hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. 17 patients with severe form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were examined. Perivascular, intravascular and vascular changes in the vessels of the microcirculatory bed were determined. Perivascular changes in bulbar conjunctiva were accompanied by edema, subconjunctival hemorrhages and hemosiderosis. Intravascular changes in venules, capillaries and arterioles are characterized by aggregation of erythrocytes, slowing of blood flow, retrograde movement of blood and stasis. Vascular changes in bulbar conjunctiva are accompanied by uneven venule caliber, aneurysm, tortuosity of veins and arterioles, capillary function disorder and their combination. During oligoanuric period of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome significant changes in microcirculation in bulbar conjunctiva, liver and kidneys were determined. It is established that a biomicroscopic method of investigation, which can be an informative method of research, allows to assess common processes of microcirculatory disorders of eyes and internal organs.

Analyzing literature sources, we have not found any studies on the prolongation of the properties of the vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (anti-VEGF drugs) in glaucoma surgery. The article presents the results of application of the developed hydrogel as a ranibizumab carrier in glaucoma surgeries. Hydrogel drainage was prepared directly before surgery. For this, a ranibizumab drug solution (0.23 ml) was mixed with a hyaluronic acid dialdehyde solution (0.5 ml), then a chitosan succinate solution(0.5 ml) was added. The hydrogel dosage form was formed during a minute at indoor temperature. The content of the drug in the hydrogel was 0,187-0,200 ml per 1 ml of gel (RF patent of invention №2610368 dt. 10/26/15). Experimental studies were carried out on 12 (12 eyes) healthy rabbits. In vitro and in vivo experiments proved that ranibizumab introduced in 0.1 ml of hydrogel drainage into glaucoma surgery, released gradually during 3 weeks and inhibited the proliferation of connective tissue.