Introduction. Moderate and severe bronchial asthma (BA) has a significant impact on patients' lives and reduces their quality of life (QoL). The study of the quality of life of BA patients, depending on the phenotype and severity of the disease, is important for the formation of a personalized approach to patient management.The study aim is to study the quality of life of patients with moderate and severe bronchial asthma, depending on the severity and phenotype of the disease.Material and methods. We analyzed the quality of life of 174 patients with moderate and severe bronchial asthma who werehospitalized at the clinic for Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma. The quality of life was assessed according to the results of a questionnaire using the SF-36 questionnaire.Results. All BA patients with both moderate and severe BA had low indicators characterizing the quality of life. It was foundthat patients with severe bronchial asthma (PwSBA) consistently had a lower indicator characterizing general (GH) and mental health (MH) in comparison with the group of patients with moderate bronchial asthma (PwMBA).Conclusion. The data of the analysis of individual parameters of the quality of life of patients with bronchial asthma can be usedto form a personalized approach to patient management. To patients with low indicators of the MH if necessary, to recommend consulting a psychotherapist with the aim of early diagnosis and correction of psychoemotional disorders.

Purpose was to assess the degree of intoxication and the level of immunological reactivity in patients with COVID-19 using leukocyte indices.Material and methods. 210 patients (91 men) with COVID-19 were included in the retrospective study with an average age of57±14,3 years; the condition of all patients was moderate. Based on the leukocyte formula, hematological indices of endogenous intoxication, indices of nonspecific reactivity and resistance of the organism were calculated.Results and discussion. Evaluation of changes in leukocyte indices in COVID-19 patients showed a significant degree of inflammation and the presence of endogenous intoxication (leukocyte indices of Kalf-Kalifa intoxication, B.A. Reits, shift of bloodleukocytes exceeded the norm, p<0,05). There was a decrease in nonspecific resistance and a predominance of macrophage immuneresponse (indices of the ratio of neutrophils and monocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes, agranulocytes and ESR, immunoreactivity and resistance were below normal, p<0,05). The degree of endogenous intoxication and the level of immunological reactivity are significantly higher in men (p<0,05).Conclusions. It is possible to quickly assess the degree of intoxication and the state of general homeostasis in COVID-19 patients with the help of integral leukocyte indices.

Purpose is to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection, taking into account concomitant pathology.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 190 patients hospitalized during the period May - June2020 at the Moscow City Clinical Hospital № 4 was carried out.Results and discussion. The spectrum of clinical manifestations in patients was dominated by intoxication, dry cough, shortness of breath, sore throat. In the 75+ age group, mortality reached 25% and was significantly more common. When comparing groups of patients with moderate (n=119, 62,6%) and severe (n=71, 37,4%), a relationship was found between the severity of the condition and certain concomitant pathology: diseases of the cardiovascular system, chronic decompensated kidney pathology and cerebrovascular disease, which indicates that these belong to significant risk factors associated with with a severe course of the disease.Conclusions. Patients over the age of 75 years with concomitant cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases complicatedby renal insufficiency, as well as cerebrovascular disease, represent a risk group for severe COVID-19.

Objective: to identify the relationship between the functional state of blood vessels in women of perimenopausal age and the parameters of metabolic and proinflammatory status.Material and methods. The study included 80 women of perimenopausal age, divided into a group with normal endothelial function (n= 36) and a group with endothelial dysfunction (ED) (n= 44). Anamnesis was collected, clinical examination with collection of anthropometric data, assessment of the proinflammatory status, ultrasound examination of the common carotid arterieswere performed. Results. There were no differences in age, prevalence of hypertension, and blood pressure. A significant negative correlation was revealed between the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the right brachial artery and the body mass index (ρ= -0.25), the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference (ρ= -0.26), the lumen of the right (ρ= -0.40) and left (pρ= -0.36) common carotid artery, C-reactive protein (ρ= -0.22). Kramer's coefficient V between the presence of ED and obesity - 0.39, p <0.05; between the presence of ED and menopause - 0.40, p<0.001.Conclusion. ED has close correlations with anthropometric data, obesity, menopausal and proinflammatory status in perimenopausal women.

Purpose: to evaluate subjective pain sensations using the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain in patients with various forms of oral lichen planus (OLP) using the author's computer program at rest, while talking, while eating (brushing teeth).Material and methods. Pain sensations were assessed in 287 patients with a verified diagnosis of OLP and 32 patients in the control group using the VAS of pain using the author's computer program «PainStim - pain assessment».Results and discussion. The highest VAS scores for pain were observed in patients with erosive-ulcerative form (VAS =37,6±13,7), bullous form (VAS = 31,0±6,6) during conversation; when eating (brushing teeth) in these patients, the VAS values were significantly higher - 77,4±9,18 and 68,0±5,44, respectively, which was interpreted as «severe pain». Hyperkeratotic and exudative-hyperemic forms of LP when eating had pain VAS scores of 15,0±5,02 and 11,6±4,71, respectively, which was interpreted as«weak pain». Discomfort, weak pain sensations (VAS = 11,4±2,76) were noted as an atypical form of OLP when talking, while taking 44,6±9,42, which is the upper limit between «weak» and «moderate» pain sensations. In patients with a typical form of LP, there were no pain sensations both at rest, when talking, and when eating; there was no statistically significant difference between the control group.Conclusions. Arelationship was established between the intensity of pain sensations and the form of OLP (erosive-ulcerative, bullous, atypical, exudative-hyperemic and atypical). The data obtained indicate the need to include a digital assessment of pain in various states (at rest, while talking, while eating/brushing teeth) with OLP in the protocol of a comprehensive examination of patients and at the stages of treatment.

Objective. To assess the usefulness of abdominal ultrasound for the evaluation of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).Material and methods. Our retrospective study included 324 hospitalized patients with AP. According to the Atlanta criteria,60.5% of patients had mild and 38.5% had severe AP. Ultrasound examination was performed in emergency at admission and in follow-up at 3 days.Results. Assessed the influence of ultrasound signs in the development of severe acute pancreatitis on the possibility of complications, the need for surgical intervention and the duration of hospitalization with the help of binary logistic regression. The follow-ing indicators are of statistical significance: the presence of a weakly detaminded accumulation of liquid (p<0.001), lack of pancreatic imaging due to aerocolia (p<0.001).Conclusion. Given the availability of the ultrasound method, it is necessary to rationally use it for early prediction of the severi-ty of acute pancreatitis.

The aim of study is to select optimal conditions for tandem mass-spectrometric detection of a new biologically active compound with cytotoxic activity.Material and methods. The object of the study was the substance 2-ABPPK (2-amino-1-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1 H -pyrrole-3-carboxamide). The studies were carried out on an LCMS-8050 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (Shimadzu) with a triple quadrupole type detector. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a column with a reversed-phase sorbent using an eluent based on acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution.Results and conclusions. In the course of the studies, it was found that the use of electrospray ionization leads to the formation of molecular ions similar to the protonated or deprotonated 2-ABPPK molecule. The mass spectrum obtained in the positive ionization mode contains ions with m/z 392 and 394; with negative ionization, ions with masses of 390 and 392. The doublet of signals in the mass spectra is explained by the presence of a bromine atom in the structure of the compound.Based on the study of the fragmentation of molecular ions in the cell of collisional dissociation, ion pairs were selected for the implementation of the MRM mode (monitoring of multiple reactions) in the detection of 2-ABPPK: 394→377; 392→375;392→349;390→347. It was shown that the use of these MRM transitions provides a high sensitivity for the determination of 2-ABPPK, which is necessary for pharmacokinetic studies. Detection limit of 2-ABPPK upon injection of 1 μl of the sample was no more than 240 femto-grams in the positive ionization mode and not more than 750 femtograms in the negative ionization mode.

Purpose: to develop a method of metoprolol analysis by spectrophotometry in a new drug «Metoprolozol» made on the basis of titanium-containing hydrophilic gel «Tizol».Material and methods. Metoprolol tartrate substance (India), «Tizol» gel (Olimp Ltd.), «Metoprolozol» ointment containing 0.5% beta-blocker were used for the analysis. The study was performed by spectrophotometry using SF-2000 device (OKB Spectr LLC). Validation of the technique was performed according to the following parameters: specificity, linearity, precision, correctness.Results and discussion. It is reasonable to analyze metoprolol at a wavelength of 276 nm, the sensitivity of the method is 4.545µg/ml. The results showed that the mass of metoprolol in the ointment is within 0.0492-0.0528 g, allowed according to the regulatory documentation for soft dosage forms (order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation № 751n of 26.10.2015).Conclusions. As a result of the experiment, optimal conditions for the spectrophotometric method of analysis were selected, based on which the method of quantitative determination of metoprolol in the ointment «Metoprolozol» with an error not exceeding± 1.90 % was developed and proposed.

The aim of the present study is to determine the optical markers of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer using the method ofRaman spectroscopy.Material and methods. Raman spectroscopic study of postoperative material was carried out in 120 patients with a diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive cancer. The mean age of the patients was 63 years. In total, about 3000 spectrograms were obtained. Results and discussion. According to the results of the study, the Raman spectra of samples of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer have characteristic features in the form of a set of peaks in the range from 502 to 3460 cm-1. The morphospectroscopic profile of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is characterized by the presence of Raman peaks associated with the hydroxyl radical (502 to 730 cm-1),725 cm-1 (adenine CH group), phenylalanine (1031 cm-1), C-NH2 bond in molecules of adenine, guanine and cytosine (850 cm-1, 1250 cm-1), β-D-glucopyranose (989 cm-1), α-helical conformation, C = C-linkages of lipids (1450-1660 cm-1).Conclusion. The data obtained using the Raman spectroscopy method have additional diagnostic significance and can be used to select further treatment tactics.

Purpose: to study the association between the presence of comorbid depression in patients with alcoholism and the burden of alcohol withdrawal syndrome with seizures, alcoholic delirium.Material and methods. A cross-sectional, comparative study of patients with alcohol dependence in the period of early remission has been carried out. 446 patients were screened, 45 were not included in the study according to the criteria of non-inclusion. The final sample included 401 patients. The average age of patients was 42,69±7,52 years. Among those included in the study: 24% (94/401) are women, 76% (307/401) are men.Results and discussion. It was determined that for patients with alcohol dependence, the presence of comorbid depression is associated with the risk of complications of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.Conclusions. The findings give grounds to consider depressive disorders as a factor aggravating the course of alcohol dependence, and also allow us to recommend practical physicians to pay more attention to comorbid depression in alcoholism.

This literature review reports scientific data on the impact of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) on the pathogenesis, course and treatment effectiveness of retinal comorbidities. Complete PVD reduces retinal neovascularization risk in patients with diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. Partial PVD in retinal detachment increases the risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Partial PVD with remaining tight vitreomacular attachment (vitreomacular adhesion) may cause vitreomacular traction. Then complications such as macular edema, epiretinal membrane, macular hole are possible. Vitreomacular adhesion is an unfavorable factor in age-related and myopic macular degeneration. There are controversial data on the effect of PVD on the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy. There is a scientific and clinical interest to study the impact of PVD on the pathogenesis and course of retinal comorbidities. PVD may be a significant factor for predicting the disease development and, possibly, for patient management techniques determining.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic disease that causes irreversible vision loss up to blindness. AMD is currently the third leading cause of blindness worldwide (8,7%). It is known that existing methods of treatment are effective only in the later stages of the disease, and its non-exudative form is difficult to treat.The World Health Organization notes a trend of growing interest in traditional medicine methods due to their quality, safety and effectiveness, which is confirmed by long-term practice. The article analyzes the effectiveness of phytotherapy methods in the treatment of AMD according to modern domestic and foreign literature for the period 2014-2021. Based on the results of this review, it can be concluded that certain methods of traditional medicine, namely herbal medicine, can be used as an additional treatment for age-related macular degeneration.

More than 50% of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suffer from mental disorders. Among patients with HIV-positive status, the level of anxiety and depressive disorders is significantly higher compared to the general population. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. In addition, it is associated with an increase in CD4 lymphocytes in the blood and a decrease in signs of anxiety and depression among patients. However, ART itself has a neurotoxic effect, which leads to progressive loss of neurons in HIV-infected individuals and, subsequently, to mental disorders. Comorbid mental disorders in patients with HIV lead to a decrease in adherence to ART, an increase in the RNA load of the virus and toxic effects on the central nervous system. This makes it important to continue research in this area, and also draws attention to the need to develop more advanced antiretroviral drugs that do not have neurotoxic side effects.

The impact of various pathogenic factors on the human body leads to the formation of a disease. Once the mechanism of the development of the disease is launched, as a rule, it continues to exert its destructive influence even after the cessation of the influence of the causative factor. The mechanism of self-maintenance of the pathological process is one of the key principles of pathogenesis. One of the most pressing problems in medicine is atherosclerosis as the basis of diseases that cause the greatest lethality. The study of the pathophysiological basis of atherogenesis will contribute to an increase in the efficiency of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.The carried out analysis of literary sources has demonstrated that even in the last century, leading pathophysiologists paid attention to the need to study the mechanisms of self-maintenance. Modern methods of studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis made it possible to approach the issues of pathoautokinesis of atherogenic metabolic disorders in a new way. It has also been shown that structural changes in the organization of endogenous water are an important link in the process of self-maintenance of atherogenesis. Further study of the pathoautokinetic mechanisms of atherosclerosis at the molecular genetic level seems promising and urgent.