The results of ultrasonic phacoemulsification with aspheric intraocular lenses (IOL) «Optimed» implantation in the «preloaded» system (the first group, 38 eyes) and «Zeiss CT Asphina the MV 409» (the second group, 36 eyes) were estimated. Before and after the surgery spherical component of the refraction, deviation between the postoperative and planned clinical refraction values, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) were evaluated. Ultrasonic phacoemulsification with «Optimed» in the «preloaded» system and «Zeiss CT Asphina the MV 409» IOL implantation allowed to obtain high refractive results. One month after the surgery target refraction±0 D was achieved in 34,2% of cases in the first group and 19,4% of cases in the second group (P˃0,05), target refraction±0.25 D was achieved in 57,9% in the first group and 63,9% of cases in the second group (P˃0,05), target refraction±0.5 D was achieved in 84,2% and 97,2% of cases respectively (P˂0,05), target refraction±1.0 D was achieved in 100% in both groups. In a month time UCVA was 0.63±0.28 in the first group and 0.68±0.32 in the second group (P˃0,05).

Induced astigmatism after cataract phacoemulsification at tunnel localization at 180° (group 1, n = 33 - all right eyes) and 135° (group 2, n = 26 - all left eyes) meridians was comparatively analyzed in a week, 1 month and 3 months after the surgery. Induced astigmatism was calculated by the method of rectangular coordinates in Holladay-Cravy-Koch modification. After 1 month after phacoemulsification in groups 1 and 2 induced astigmatism exceeded 1 D only in 15% and 19% of cases, after 3 months - in 9% and 15%, respectively. Comparison of the percentages revealed no statistically significant differences between groups during follow-up (p> 0,05). Thus, corneal tunnel incisions of 2,2 mm at the 180 and 135 degrees meridians have similar influence on the formation of induced astigmatism and its postoperative dynamics.

The clinical case demonstrates a late diagnosis of Sjogren's disease, which led to the wrong treatment tactics. Correct diagnosis and adequate treatment improved the patient's condition.

The article is devoted to changes in terminology and classification of the dry eye syndrome (DES) from 1933 to the present day. DES is one of the most common ophthalmic diseases. Numerous studies on this disease have changed the understanding of etiologyand pathogenesis of DES. As a result, the term «dry eye syndrome» has changed and now there appeared classifications that reflect new information on this disease.

The article describes the features of functional parameters in students with myopia, being educated in boarding educational institutions. The study revealed a general trend for weakening of usual accommodation tone with the increase of refractive error among 5th-10th-year’s students with myopia. The investigation determined a decrease of positive relative accommodation reserve below the age standards in 5th-10th-year’s students, especially in high school. The findings of reduction in functional indicators in students of boarding educational institutions explain not only the need for preventive and rehabilitation measures, but a comprehensive study and regulation of visual stress in conditions of reforming the education system.

Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases worldwide, including Russia. The tendency to develop various complications puts myopia on the third place in the structure of disability. The presence of myopia was revealed in 29,5% of students with the average age of 20. Myopia of mild degree was detected in 53,8% of cases. On the second place on prevalence was moderate myopia, amounting to 33,2% of all cases of myopia. In the third place was high myopia, which met the students in 12,9% of cases. It was noted, that all students with myopia actively used various information gadgets of an average for 8 hours per day, the duration of use of these devices among students with moderate or high degree myopia was higher than in groups of students with mild myopia.

The objective of the research was to evaluate the preliminary results of the ultrasound phacoemulsification of cataract with optimized endocapsular mechanical phacofragmentation.68 patients (23 men and 45 women) with cataract were operated on using optimized endocapsular mechanic phacofragmentation during ultrasonic phacoemulsification. All patients underwent visometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, autorefractometry,keratometry, tonometry before and after the surgery. All operations were performed by one surgeon using phacoemulsificator «In-finiti» (Alcon). Surgical complication was posterior capsule rupture in the late stage of phacoemulsification. After the anterior vitrectomy intraocular lens was implanted on the anterior capsule into iridociliary sulcus. Of the postoperative complications the following were noted: transient hypertension in 5 cases (7,35%), swelling of the cornea in 10 eyes (14,7%).Postoperatively 65 eyes (95.45%) had areactive course, 3 eyes (4.55%) showed exudative reaction of 2nd degree. Visual acuity with best correction was 0.5 and above in 58 eyes (86%) within a week after surgery, in 65 eyes (95%) - a month after the surgery.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the visual outcomes in patients implanted with multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) after cata-ract surgery.Clinical study included 90 patients who underwent cataract surgery and were divided into three groups: group 1 was made up of 30 eyes implanted with the monofocal IOL (Miol-2); group 2 - 30 eyes implanted with the bifocal IOL (Miol-Akkord) and group 3 - 30eyes implanted with the three focal IOL (Miol-Rekord). Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function and quality of life were assessed during a follow up period.In group of monofocal IOL significant improvement was observed in the distance visual acuity (0,82±0,02), but reduction in near visual acuity (0,32±0,05) and in intermediate visual acuity (0,25±0,01). In group of bifocal IOL significant improvement was observed in the distance visual acuity (0,76±0,08) and in near visual acuity (0,64±0,18), but reduction in intermediate visual acuity (0,45±0,03). Three focal IOL showed better results in the distance visual acuity (0,74±0,01), in near visual acuity (0,58±0,06), in intermediate visual acuity (0,6±0,04). However, after implantation of three focal IOL significant increase in contrast sensitivity and appearance of “Halo-effects” were detected All patients reported high level of satisfaction.

This article is dedicated to the corneal bacterial infections, their reasons, course, treatment and outcomes. The study involved 81 patients that were treated in the ophthalmic department of regional hospital № 3 in Chelyabinsk. Among all corneal infectious pro-cesses of bacterial etiology, corneal ulcers are the most widespread. Infectious diseases mostly develop after injuries of the eye (23,4%), advanced - staged glaucoma in decompensation (11,1%). In 17,3% of cases the treatment of bacterial keratitis was ineffective. In 81,5% of cases bacterial swab test of conjunctiva showed no signs of microflora growth. Staphylococcus aureus is the main causative organism (8,6%). Combination of Fluoroquinolone antibiotics in eye drops and parenteral forms of Cephalosporin antibiotics is commonly used for treatment of these diseases. Recovery of the patient is outcome in 71,6% of this cases. 28,4% of the cases ended up with enucleation or evisceration of the eye.

The analysis of clinical results of functional rehabilitation technology in patients with postinfectious corneal opacities by “topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy” was performed. Uncorrected visual acuity and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity significantly increased from a mean preoperative value of 0,17±0,11 (range = 0,01 до 0,4) to a mean postoperative value of 0,61±0,14 (range = 0,4 - 0,8), from 0,47±0,17 (range = 0,1 - 0,7) to 0,84±0,11 (range = 0,7 до 1,0) (р <0,001) respectively. Optical coherent tomography showed that the mean minimal corneal thickness was 403,5±43,19 µm (range = 351 до 473) that didn’t exceed the critical limit of residual corneal thickness. The mean values of keratotopographic indexes SAI (Surface Asymmetry Index) and SRI (Surface Regularity Index) showed recovering of corneal regularity from 0,76±0,37 (range = 0,3 - 1,75) and from 2,12±1,22 (range = 0,76 - 4,14) to 1,04±0,77 (range = 0,44 - 3,14), respectively) (р<0,001). No regression of refractive result occurred during 12 month’s follow-up after surgery.

The paper studies the prevalence of myopia in 658 surveyed students in the boarding school. Despite the fact, that children undergo selection for being admitted to boarding educational institutions, myopia is the most common eye disorder and occurs in 86% of students. The largest number of students with myopia was found in the 5th and 8th year of study and was 394.5 ‰ and 400,0 ‰ respectively. It was found that during 5th to 10th year of study moderate and high degree myopia increases by 2,0-3,5 times, which requires the introduction of the system of prevention and rehabilitation of myopia into the educational institution.

Examination of medical students revealed that the most common refractive error is myopia, which leads to a violation of visual functions and is found in almost every third student. It was found out that by the degree of refractive disorders mild and moderate myopia significantly dominate (slight degree - 60,7%, average degree - 30% and high - 9,3%). The obtained results allow us to state the existence of negative trends in the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students and necessitates changes to existing approaches to prevention and treatment of myopia, taking into account the features of training in medical school.

The research purpose is to study the effectiveness of surgical treatment of endothelial-epithelial dystrophy (EED) of the cornea using in-cell injection of autologous blood mononuclear cells suspension, with subsequent layering on the inner surface of the cornea. Clinical studies were conducted among 44 (44 eyes) patients making up two groups: the main one (21 patients) and the comparison one (23 patients). In the main group the treatment was carried out by a new method, in comparison group - traditional pharmacotherapy was used. A decrease in hydration of the cornea in the main group was observed during the first 5 days after surgery in the main group, in the comparison group a slight reduction of corneal edema started on day 10-12. 1 month after the treatment, pachymetry indicator in the main group decreased by 11%, in the comparison group by 3,1%, visual acuity increased by 5,0 and 2,0 times, respectively. Thus, intrachamber injection of autologous blood mononuclear with the subsequent layering on the inner surface of the cornea in case of EED promotes more rapid decrease of corneal hydration with restoration of its normal thickness and significant and stable improvement of visual acuity in the postoperative period in comparison with a course of conservative treatment.

The aim of the study is optimization of algorithm of “dry eye” syndrome treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.The study involved 75 patients (150 eyes) with “dry eye” syndrome (DES) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) aged 40 to 75 years old with disease duration from 0 months to 20 years. The selection was random. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending on primary disease therapy: group I - 40 patients (80 eyes) used basic anti-inflammatory drugs (BAIDs) and were divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup 1-A (22 patients, 44 eyes) received instillations of Oxyal, and subgroup 1-B (18 patients, 36 eyes) received instillations of Oxyal in combination with cyclosporine. Group II included 35 patients-(70 eyes), receiving genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBDs). This group was also divided into subgroups: 2-А (17 patients, 34 eyes) and 2-B (18 patients, 36 eyes) divided according to the same principle as group 1. Ophthalmologic examination was performed on day 1 and day 180 of observation.When treating rheumatoid arthritis using BAIDs 45% of patients had medium degree of DES, and when using GEBDs 57.2% patients had mild DES. Evaluation of OSDI index revealed more significant effectiveness of drugs combination being approximately 7% more than in monotherapy. In mild DES tears secretion increased in both groups when using tear replacement therapy. In medium and severe DES Oxyal in combination with cyclosporine increased tears production more pronouncedly. The parameters of tear osmolality during DES treatment in both groups. When using cyclosporine A minimal value of tear film osmolality 302 mOsm/l was reached.Based on the data of tear osmolality changes, data of patients’ questionnaire and Norn test, in process of DES treatment, additional use of cyclosporine A is indicated in medium and severe DES regardless of RA treatment scheme.

The objective of the study was to analyze electron microscopic changes in rabbit eyes during intravitreal tamponade with PFCL (perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane and perfluorodecalin).25G vitrectomy with PFCL intravitreal tamponade was performed on 12 eyes of 6 rabbits. Research studies were performed in 5, 14 and 30 days after surgery by electron microscopy.Tamponade of the vitreous cavity by both types of PFCL in 5, 14 and 30 day caused following similar electron microscopic changes at date: swelling ganglion layer and dystrophy of inner and outer nuclear layer. Electron microscopic changes in outer nu-clear layer appeared on 30th day.Intravitreal perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane tamponade caused similar electron microscopic changes as well as perfluorodecalin in the experiment and it was relatively harmless to rabbit retina for up to 14 days.

The objective of the study is to determine ultrasound changes in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX).Vitreous body destruction in PEX patients was found in 44,2% of cases in the main group and in the control group in 31,6% (p<0,05). No significant differences in frequency and severity of vitreous pathology between male and female in both groups were observed (p> 0,05). The proportion of patients with II-III degree of vitreous destruction in PEX group was almost three times higher than in the control group (35,9% and 13.6%, respectively, p <0,05). Posterior vitreous detachment among PEX patients was determined significantly more often - in 11,6% of cases vs only 5,8% among persons of the control group (p <0,05). Both groups were characterized by an increase of frequency of destructive changes with age. Patients with PEX have earlier onset of vitreous pathology.Thus, we obtained the data on close relationship of PEX with destructive changes of the vitreous body. PEX can be regarded as a risk factor for vitreous pathology.

There are various techniques of surgical treatment of idiopathic macular holes (IMH) of large diameter. These techniques have several drawbacks, which may condition the lack of IMH closure and hinder the achievement of maximum functional results.The objective is to evaluate the results of big dimension IMH treatment using a modified inverted flap technology with suspen-sion «Vitreoсontrast».Surgical treatment was conducted on 30 patients with IMH (diameter from 600 to 1400 microns). Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling was performed in «bud technique», named by the folding flower petals, where suspension «Vitreoсontrast» was used as a contrast agent and retention flap.Positive anatomical effect and functional improvement was achieved in all cases. ILM peeling technique, involving ILM fragmentation in flower petals shape using a suspension «Vitreoсontrast» as a contrast agent and for retention of ILM fragments in retinal hole provides an effective method of surgical treatment of big dimension IMH.

The incidence of the retinal veins thrombosis is approximately of 2.14 per 1,000 people. The etiology of the disease is multifactorial. Fluorescein angiography (FA) holds a special place in the diagnosis of vascular fundus pathology. Optical coherence tomography with angiography (OCT-angio, angio-OCT) is a noninvasive method of imaging of microvascular bloodflow. The purpose of the study is to compare the data obtained during fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography of the ocular fundus in patients with post-thrombotic retinopathy. We studied 15 patients (19 eyes) diagnosed with post-thrombotic retinopathy against various diseases of the cardiovascular system, including 8 men and 7 women, aged 48-62 years old. Based on these data, we can say that the angio-OCT and FA are essential and complementary methods of diagnostic and monitoring of the fundus in patients with venous retinal occlusions and their consequences.

The paper presents a study of aggregatory activity of the vascular wall in 85 hypertensive patients who underwent occlusion of the retinal vessels and the optic nerve. Thrombosis of retinal central vein or its branches in past medical history was noted in 52 patients (61.2%), obstruction of retinal central artery or its branches - in 7 (8.2%), vascular optic neuropathy in 26 (30.6%). An increase of platelet aggregative function was established to be due to the weakening of the vessel wall antiplatelet activity (duplication of thromboxane synthesis in platelets in comparison with the same parameter of the control group), which was accompanied by increased plasma atherogenic index by 1.9 times in patients compared to the control group and decreased plasma antioxidant activity by 1.8 times. These disorders are the leading causes of increased thrombogenic danger and risk for recurrent thrombosis in the examined patients, requiring follow-up control and correction.

The study analyzed morphometric data and functional state of the retinal macular area obtained by the spectral optical coherence tomography (SOCT) and fundus-microperimetry performed in 36 patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMTS). It was revealed, that epiretinal fibrosis in case of VMTS is characterized by a statistically significant reduction of visual acuity, increase of macular volume, decrease in the average threshold of light sensitivity. High resolution SOCT and fundus perimetry can be recommended for the primary detection and dynamic observation of patients with epiretinal fibrosis against VMTS.

The aim of this study was to form an approach, which allows to optimize the process of endolaser coagulation (ELC) in surgery of retinal detachment, aimed at reducing the risk of postoperative complications to improve not only anatomical but also functional results. The work analyses observations of 172 patients. The patients of the main group (n=78) who underwent surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with the implementation of ELC, were divided into three subgroups depending on the amount of completed ELC of the retina. The second (n=46) and third (n=48) groups served as control. In the control groups endolaser coagulation was not performed. The degree of inflammatory reaction was evaluated by the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood. Aseptic exudative reaction in the anterior chamber in the early postoperative period and the highest frequency of epiretinal fibrosis in the remote one were registered in patients after extensive ELC of the retina. Intraoperative burn excess component can be one of the risk factors of postoperative inflammatory reactions.

On the model of photo-induced central retinal vein thrombosis (CRVO) and its branches thrombosis (BRVO), the efficacy of retinal veins «massage» in comparison with epiretinal thrombolysis was determined. The experiment was performed on 30 Chinchil-la rabbits (30 eyes), with simulation of retinal vein occlusion by introducing a photosensitizer and laser irradiation of retinal blood vessels. On the third day after the induction of CRVO and BRVO under general anesthesia 15 animals of the main group (15 eyes) underwent «massage» of the affected vessel with tipped scrapper 25G; 15 animals of the control group (15 eyes) epiretinally were injected 500 IU of gemaza. Before treatment, om 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th days after surgery ophthalmoscopy was performed. Before treatment, on 7th, 21st days after the intervention optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography were performed, and each time 5 animals were drown out with subsequent enucleation of eyeballs for light microscopy.It was found that «massage» of the affected retinal vein helps to restore blood flow in the vessel, as evidenced by the reductionof venous perfusion time by 1.3 times, and faster by 1.45 times resorption of central retinal departments edema, compared with epiretinal introduction of gemaza. These histological studies revealed no iatrogenic damage to blood vessels and retina during «massage « of the veins, indicating the safety of manipulation.

Retinal detachment is a serious pathological condition, that is common for every age groups of patients. Episcleral buckling remains a method of choice to treat non-complicated rhematogenous retinal detachment, despite the tendency for a wider use of vitrec-tomy pars plana. But methods of extrascleral surgery for rematogenous retinal detachment do not exclude the development of a set of complications.The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a method of microinvasive dose intrascleral buckling in the treatment of local rhematogenous retinal detachment using gel-like drainage implant.The in-hospital surgical treatment was conducted on 9 patients with local rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. All patients underwent intrascleral buckling with the introduction of a drainage implant. Positive anatomical effect and improvement of functionalresults were achieved in 89% cases. In two-months’ time one patient was registered with recurrent retinal detachment.Thus, intrascleral buckling with gel-like drainage provides high efficacy of surgical treatment for retinal detachment showing minimal injury and can be recommended to treat local rhematogenous non-complicated retinal detachment.

The article presents the results of surgical treatment of 72 patients with refractory glaucoma. In all cases we performed implantation of «Repegel» drainage and sinus trabeculectomy. The effectiveness of glaucoma surgery was assessed by dynamics of visual acuity, postoperative complications and stability of IOP in follow-up period up to 3 years. As a result of surgical treatment absolute and relative hypotensive effect was 55,5% and 69,4% respectively in 1 year after the surgery; 48,6% and 63,8% - in 2 years’ time; 45,8% and 61,1% - after 3 years of follow up. We observed reduction in visual acuity due to relapse of glaucoma in 38,9% of cases, and because of progression of proliferative diabetic retinal angiopathy in 8,3%. Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases. Analysis of the effectiveness of surgery depending on the type of glaucoma showed that hypotensive effect of sinus trabeculectomy with the use of «Repegel» drainage in case of primary open angle glaucoma equaled 67,4%, in case of glaucoma in pseudophakic eyes - 64,3%, and in case of neovascular glaucoma - 33,3%, the follow-up period being up to 3 years.

The article shows the clinical efficacy of neuroprotective therapy after transvitreal decompression of the optic nerve in case of glaucoma optic neuropathy. A clinical study was conducted among 23 patients (23 eyes) with far-advanced and terminal stages of primary open angle glaucoma. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of treatment. The main group consisted of 12 patients after dissection of internal limiting membrane of the optic disc and with Retinalamin parabulbaris injection in the postoperative period (N=10). The comparison group consists of 11 patients, who underwent surgery on the internal limiting membrane of the optic disc. The results showed that in 30 days after the treatment vision acuity in the main group increased by 1.7 times from the initial index, the perimetry data and optic nerve lability increased by 1.2 times. Visual activity, perimetry data and optic nerve lability of comparison group increased by 1.3, 1.07 and 1.06 times respectively. Thus, the combination of decompression surgery for glaucomatous optic neuropathy with neuroprotective therapy can stabilize and improve visual function in this pathology.

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is the «gold standard» for laser glaucoma treatment, but the mechanism of its effects on uveoscleral outflow is not clear. There is a discussion about using SLT during prostaglandin therapy. The study involved 41 patients (41 eyes), mean age 58,61±6,08 years, with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) I-II stage. SLT was performed against combined therapy and replaced one of its components. After replacing timolol, IOP decreased from 17,61±1,36 mm Hg to 15,19±1,29 mm Hg, the outflow facility increased from 0,132±0,022 mm3/mmHg × min to 0,170±0,019 mm3/mmHg × min, uveoscleral coefficient characterizing the proportion of uveoscleral outflow increased from 0,44±0 14 to 0,48±0,10. When replacing latanoprost, IOP decreased from 17,08±0,99 mm Hg to 16,08±2,78 mm Hg, the outflow facility increased from 0,129±0,022 mm3/mmHg × min to 0,157±0,024mm3/mmHg × min, uveoscleral ratio decreased from 0,45±0,07 to 0,42±0,09. Thus, in combination with prostaglandins SLT causes additional hypotensive effect at the expense of additional activation of uveoscleral outflow.

The paper studies the possibilities of transpalpebral rheoophthalmography (TR) as a new method of early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). According to the results of earlier studies, given the maximum value of RI (20.17 mΩ) in the group of patients with the early stage of POAG and the minimum value of RI (21.94 mΩ) in the control group, we established a threshold RI level for the diagnosis of the early stage of the development of POAG using TR. The threshold RI level was 21.0±0.5 mΩ. 22 patients (29 eyes) aged 59-78 years with suspected glaucoma (SG) were included in the study. Before the complete ocular examination all subjects underwent TR, according to which patients were divided into groups. Group 1 consisted of 12 eyes with RI exceeding the threshold, which pointed to the absence of hemodynamic disorders characteristic of POAG. Group 2 consisted of 17 eyes with RI below the threshold level, indicating the presence of the early stage of POAG. Clinical studies revealed no signs of POAG in any of the 12 cases of Group 1. In Group 2, 13 cases demonstrated the signs of POAG while 4 cases showed no signs of POAG and the dynamic observation was recommended. After 3 months, high risk patients (4 eyes with SG) underwent a complete re-examination. According to computer perimetry, HRT and OCT in the first two cases the early stage POAG was diagnosed; in the other two cases, the dynamics of the process have not been identified. The results of the study show the informativity of TR for early diagnostics of POAG.

Glaucoma is a chronic pathology, that is why its treatment is a long and permanent process aimed at preserving visual function. During treatment, a patient should take one, two or several antihypertensive local medications, which causes a number of disadvantages associated with the treatment regimen, side effects of drugs that affect the quality of life and psycho-emotional state of patients, as well as the development of borderline mental disorders and stress. Any non-specific reactions can be accompanied by anxiety or fear. During repeated impacts of psychogenic factors the response acquires specificity as internal tensions, depression and others. This has a negative effect both on the pathologic process and its treatment. Many authors have described the influence of emotional stress, certain somatic abnormalities on the level of IOP and glaucoma development.

The paper presents a retrospective analysis of medical records of 52 (104 eyes) patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) treated in City Clinical Hospital No.10, Ufa in 2016. We studied epidemiology and structure of glaucoma in hospitalized patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 19 patients with non-stabilized high intraocular pressure (IOP) glaucoma on one eye. Of them 18 patients underwent fistulazing surgery, including 3 cases of reoperation with implantation of drainage "repegel-1." In one case of terminal operated uncompensated glaucoma we conducted transscleral laser cyclocoagulation. The remaining patients, including 8 (15 eyes) persons after previous antiglaucomatous surgery received local conservative treatment using modern antihypertensive drugs.The hypotensive effect was achieved both after conservative and surgical treatment in more than 94% of cases, with an improvement of vision in 23,5% of cases using conservative methods. In 5,8% of cases it was not possible to achieve IOP compensation in previously operated eyes.Given the advanced age of patients with POAG, a wide choice of antihypertensive drugs, the ineffectiveness of other treatments, conservative antihypertensive treatment of POAG is the method of first choice. In case of unstabilized high-IOP glaucoma an effective treatment is a surgical method.

The elevated level of the endotheline-1 had been identified in the serum and tear fluid of patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG). Concentration of endotheline-1 was minimal in the early stage of the disease and increased in advanced stages. Determiation of endotheline-1 in PEG patients indicated that its maximum concentration was registered among the persons with the diseases duration more than 10 years.It was demonstrated, that the increase of endotheline-1, which is looked upon as the classical marker of endothelial dysfunction, is registered at later stages of the disease and is associated with the increased risk of progressing of this disorder.

The purpose of the study was to develop a surgical treatment of refractory glaucoma with the use of biodegradable drainage construction made of domestic materials in the modification of sinus trabeculectomy (STE). The operation was performed in 30 patients (30 eyes) with refractory glaucoma at the age of 50-70 years old. All the patients had one or more glaucoma operations in a medical history. As a drainage material polyglycolide thread was used, which is a synthetic absorbable suture composed of filaments of glycolic acid. Complete absorption occurs within 60-90 days. The duration of follow-up was 18 months. After 1-3 months of observation hypotensive effectiveness was 100% (30 eyes), after 9-12 months - 97% (29 out of 30 eyes). The result was confirmed using standard survey methods (visometry, tonometry, computerized perimetry, tonography, etc.). In the early postoperative period, optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment of the eye (ASOCT) was performed, later - ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The developed new version of the surgical treatment of glaucoma with the use of a drainage construction made of domestic material provides a prolonged hypotensive effect.

Primary open-angle glaucoma has different prognosis and tactics depending on the stage of the disease, so it is important to carry out an accurate and timely identification of the structural and functional changes in each patient. The analysis included assessment of clinical, morphometric and electrophysiological parameters in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (I,II stage) and suspected glaucoma. As a result, studies have established statistically significant differences between experimental groups and control group according to the following parameters: intraocular pressure, neuroretinal belt area, volume of excavation of the optic nerve, total thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, perimetric MD index and parameters of induced visual potentials in the redyellow and blue-black checkerboard pattern.

The efficiency of lymphotropic therapy by heparin and emoxipin in stabilization of glaucoma process in patients with openangle glaucoma with normalized intraocular pressure (IOP) in developed and advanced stages of the disease was analyzed on the material of 202 patients (378 eyes), including 126 patients in the developed stage of glaucoma and 76 in the advanced stage. The process of stabilization in the advanced stage of glaucoma in patients treated with lymphotropic therapy (104 persons, 190 eyes), was observed in 92.30% of cases, i.e., by 1.67 times higher than in patients of the control group (98 persons, 188 eyes) - 55.38% of the cases. At the advanced stage stabilization was observed in 68.60% of eyes of the study group, i.e., by 2.48 times higher than in controls (27.63%). Thus, the use of repeated courses of lymphotropic therapy in patients with glaucoma with normalized IOP both in developed and in advanced stages of glaucoma leads to a more favorable course of the disease than the standard approach in the treatment of this pathology.

On the basis of the Ophthalmic clinic of SSMU (Tomsk) during the period from 2010 to 2016 39 patients with the severe pathology of the eyeball of different etiology underwent eyeball enucleation. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the surgical method: the main group (20 patients) underwent enucleation of the eyeball by the new modified method; the patients of comparison group (19 patients) underwent enucleation by the standard method. The total mobility of the locomotor stump in patients of the main group averaged 144,2°, the mobility of the eye prosthesis was 108,2°. The total mobility of the stump in the comparison group was 146°, the mobility of eye prosthesis was 109,6°. The use of the modified method of enucleation improves the efficiency of the operation by reducing the duration of the operation, provides good mobility and rotational movements of the stump due to preserving the anatomical and topographical location of the eye muscles, as well as desirable cosmetic rehabilitation of patients in the postoperative period.

Currently, to achieve best cosmetic result, ophthalmosurgeons are trying to produce enucleation of the eye with simultaneous implantation of orbital shells to form the bulk of the locomotor stump for prosthetic eye. However, for various reasons this group of patients has serious post-operative complications such as rejection, exposure and infection of implants. The work included morphological study of orbital bone implants, taken at different times after the surgery: in 2 weeks and 3 months. As a result of the study, we have found that by the 2nd week after surgery bone implants had an active fibrovascular tissue downgrowth. By the 3rd month porous implant space was completely ingrown by the connective tissue with no inflammatory reaction in orbital tissues. By this time the implant was a dense block of bony fibrous tissue with no evidence of reducing original shape and volume.

The results of reconstructive surgery with the use of Alloplant biomaterials in 31 patients with monolateral cicatricial deformation and ectropion of the lower eyelid are presented in the article. Patients were aged from 5 to 46 years old. Among them the proportion of children up to 12 years old was 13%. In 82% cases the reason of deformation was mechanical injury, in 18% - thermal burn. Feature of study group was presence of deforming scar involving all thickness of the eyelid, which caused dislocation and ectropion of the lower eyelid. The area of damage was a half of the eyelid in 58% of cases and total of the eyelid - in 22% of cases. Reconstructive surgery was performed with the use of skin grafting methods and allogenic biomatherials of «Alloplant» series. The analysis of the results of operations showed high efficiency of the proposed surgery techniques with the use of «Alloplant» technology.

The article describes effectiveness of ion-exchange eye lens in the treatment of cornea and conjunctiva acid burn. Series of experiments were conducted on 18 Chinchilla rabbits. Modelling of anterior eye segment burn was performed by 50% H2SO4 instillation on eye with 120 seconds’ exposure. The animals were divided into three groups after the development of the pathological process in eye. The first group (8 rabbits/ 8 eyes) was the main group of animals which were imposed with ion-exchange eye lens on the anterior segment after anesthesia for tree times during 10 minutes. The second group (8 rabbits/ 8 eyes) was the comparison group of animals which received daily conservative treatment. The third group (2 rabbits/ 2 eyes) was the group of model disease. Eyes of all groups were enucleated on 14th day after treatment initiation. It was found that the use of ion-exchange eye lens in the treatment of the cornea and conjunctiva acid burns (II degree) contributed to reduction of corneal damage and post-burn inflammation.

HIV infection is the most relevant in the world community. The second problem is the TB. The combination of HIV infection and tuberculosis is the most frequent pathology in HIV-infected patients. According to the materials of scientific-practical conference "Modern aspects of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection," the combination of TB and HIV infection is up to 10% of cases. Development of HIV infection affects all organ systems, including the organ of vision. In HIV infection, tuberculosis becomes generalized, including affection of eyes. Literature describes the pathology of the eye in HIV infection and opportunistic infections affecting the eyeball in patients with HIV infection. You can trace the dependence and interaction of tuberculosis and HIV infection, the relationship between CD4 T lymphocytes and development of extrapulmonary localization of tuberculosis. The literature describes the characteristic changes of eyes against tuberculosis and peculiarities of clinical picture. But there are not many publications on combined pathology of tuberculosis of the eye in HIV-infected patients. And this requires further consideration.

97 children with refractive-strabismic amblyopia and 32 healthy children aged 5 to 12 have been examined. Clinical effectiveness of the new amblyopia treatment method has been analyzed with the help of transcranial micropolarization by means of direct current impact in combination with medical treatment. Patients with amblyopia have been divided into 2 groups on grounds of electroencephalography: the first group included 35 children with alpha - rhythm amplitude below 50 µV, which in addition to transcranial direct current stimulation received Pantogam 250 mg 2 times per day during a month, the second - 62 children with the amplitude more than 70 µV, they received Magne В6 in amount of one pill 2 times per day during a month.In the late observation time after 4 courses of treatment visual acuity has increased in 81.4 % of cases. It has been noted, thatthe processes of higher nervous activity improved, which was proved by the dynamics of electroencephalography parameters, increased behavioral development coefficient and clinical improvement of adaptation of patients with amblyopia to school activity.

The paper presents the results of estimation of structural and metabolic changes of neuroglial elements in the visual cortex of the brain of rats for 35 days after acute circulatory arrest with subsequent reperfusion. It is shown that the severity of histological changes of neuronal structures was characterized by a small degree of manifestation. Whereas astroglial link was recorded to have a significant expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein throughout the observation period with a maximum intensification to the 21st day of the experiment. Identified activation of neurospecific protein production with simultaneous accumulation of tissue glycosaminoglycans indicates hyper reactive nature of astrogliosis, being developed in the examined brain tissue of experimental animals.

The proportion of uveites in the structure of eye pathology reaches 5-15% among adults, and is one of the main reasons for permanent depression of vision and blindness development. This paper presents clinical and epidemiological features of noninfectious uveites in Chelyabinsk region, on the basis of the retrospective analysis of case histories and prospective observation of the patients treated in Regional Clinical Hospital № 3 of Chelyabinsk during 2013-2015. For this period uveites were revealed in 704 cases. Of them uveites of noninfectious etiology were in 488 cases, the confirmed infectious nature of a disease - 216. Among these patients men slightly prevailed, making up 53.3%, and the total average age was 31.3±12.9. In most cases the etiological factor was not possible to tap (417 patients). In 71 (14.5%) patients with the established etiology HLA-B27-associated uveites were most common. Anterior uveites prevailed by localization of inflammation, accounting for 59 (83%) cases. In most cases (73.3%) uveitis was diagnosed for the first time. In 90 (18.4%) cases of the diagnosed noninfectious uveites the following complications were observed: cystic macular edema, opthalmohypertension, development of complicated cataract.

An ophthalmological and neurophysiological examination of 32 healthy children and 97 children with amblyopia aged 5-12 has been conducted. Standard ophthalmic examination was extended with determination of electric retina sensitiveness; electric lability of optic nerve; parameters of visual evoked potentials; electroencephalography with amplitude definition; alpha-rhythm frequency; slow waves. The correlation between suppression of neurophysiological processes of visual analyzer and cerebral cortex has been revealed. Neurophysiological direction of transcranial direct current stimulation - a new method of amblyopia treatment, has been substantiated.

The research aimed to study the nature of the interaction of Tenon's capsule cells in progressive myopia with morphometric analysis and electron microscopy data. We studied the fragments of Tenon's capsule of 47 samples. Material was obtained during operations on the muscles and sclera in strabismus surgery for myopia progression. It was found that in case of progressive myopia in structure of in Tenon's capsule there is an increase in the number of fibroblasts 1,56±0,12 to 104 mm2, in case of hyperopia - 1,10±0,13 to 104 mm2 (p≤ 0.05), the number of mast cells was 0.08±0,02 to 104 mm2, in case of hyperopia - 0,045±0,25 to 104 mm2, (p ≤ 0.05). Progressive myopia is characterized by a decrease of adipocytes - 0,01±0,001 to 104 mm2, but hyperopia - 0,21±0,07 to 104 mm2 (p ≤ 0.05). Cyto-genetic relationship between fibroblasts, mast cells and adipocytes is characterized by the fact, that the mast cells can exert proliferative and stimulating effect on fibroblasts, fat cells can be a potential source of fibroblast-like cells. Reciprocal nature of cellular interaction isa manifestation of the adaptive processes of Tenon's capsule in progressive myopia.

The aim of the investigation is to study the structure and effectiveness of uveitis treatment in patients with uveitis treated in City Clinical Hospital № 10 in Ufa. We analyzed the medical cards of 2887 patients treated in City Clinical Hospital № 10 in Ufa during 2016. Among them, 39 (1,4%) patients were admitted with uveitis. Etiology, epidemiology, research methods, clinical features of uveitis, the results of treatment of patients with uveitis were studied.In the structure of hospital pathology of City Clinical Hospital № 10 of Ufa in 2016 the share of uveitis was insignificant (1,4%). Uveitis was more frequent in young persons of working age (59%). Diagnosis was performed using standard methods of research. In 51% of cases uveitis etiology remained unidentified. 43,6% of patients were hospitalized with severe disease with the development of kerato- and panuveitis. As a result of the treatment (including one case of anti-tuberculosis) in all cases clinical recovery with improved visual acuity by an average of 0,2 and compensated IOP was reached.To improve therapeutic and diagnostic effectiveness, a set of standard methods of examination of patients with uveitis should include: ELISA blood with determination of markers of acute and chronic infections, the study of humoral and cellular immunity, blood test for HLA, consultation of related professionals (a rheumatologist, a TB specialist, an infectious disease specialist, an immunologist, and others.).

This paper presents a study of the impact of visual load using DLP and 3LCD projectors on the state of the visual sensory system of students of different age groups in continuing medical education. It was found out that the use of projection equipment with DLP technology causes a more pronounced disruption of the visual test systems in comparison with 3LCD-projector. Worsening of the studied parameters (volume of relative accommodation and symptoms of visual tiredness) was more significant if DLP projector was used in educational process and in the older age group (40-60 years) compared with the group of subjects aged 25-40 years.

The case study of ophthalmological examination of the patient D., age 54, diagnosed with systemic sclerosis presents the possibility of detection of early signs of vision organ pathology manifestations with the development of cataract in adulthood. In addition, advanced techniques of ophthalmic research (optical coherent tomography of the retina, autofluorescence of the retina, ultrasound of the eyeball) determined the change of the vitreous and retina. The above-mentioned research methods are recommended to be used in combination with a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis, as late identifying of ocular pathology in rheumatic diseases leads to an unfavorable outcome - the deterioration or loss of vision and reduction in the quality of life of patients.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal stem cell disorders with an inherent tendency for leu- kemic transformation. The data on the epidemiology of MDS in Russia are absent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and methods of MDS diagnosis and efficacy of treatment of adults in Moscow Health Care system. The obtained results show that for the first time MDS was diagnosed in 201 adult patients (male - 92, female - 109), being permanent residents of Moscow. Median age at diagnosis was 71,5 years (range, 23,9-93,7). The incidence rate of MDS was 2,0 cases per 100.000 persons per year. 4-year overall survival (OS) for all patients was 34,8 ± 13,4% (median 24,3 months).Thus, the incidence of MDS in Moscow, Russia is 1,5-2 times lower than in Europe and the United States. Current standards donot provide molecular and cytogenetic assays, what is the factors limiting the diagnostic potential.