Purpose. To study the effect of a medication with angiogenic properties of 5-Oxymethyluracil on the functional class of angina and circulatory failure in long-term myocardial surgical revascularization.Material and methods. Two groups of patients have been included in a randomized prospective study as follows: the core group (comprised of 87 patients) has been obtaining 5-Oxymethyluracil medication in the perioperative period of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (5 days prior to and within 14 days after the surgical procedure) in addition to standard medical therapy, and the control group (comprised of 81 patients) has been obtaining standard medical therapy. The groups were comparable in terms of a gender, age, principal clinical and functional specifications and features of surgery. The stable angina functional class (FC) was determined according to the classification of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS), and circulatory failure (CF) was determined according to the classification of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) in patients before surgery (upon admission to the vascular surgery department) and after surgery (after 2 months and after 15-17 years).Results. Preoperative values did not differ between the studied groups of patients (p=1.0). Within the period of 2 months after the CABG, the average angina FC amounted to 1.76 (1.0-2.0) in the control group, and to 1.53 (1.0-2.0) in the core group, the average CF FC amounted to 1.69 (1.0-2.0) in the control group; it amounted to 1.46 (1.0-2.0) in the core group. In the long-term period (16-18 years after operation) the angina FC amounted to 2.32 (2.0-3.0) in the control group, and 1.93 (1.0-2.0) in the core group; the CF FC amounted to 2.29 (2.0-3.0) in the control group, it amounted to 2.20 (2.0-2.0) in the core group. While comparing these values within the period of 2 months after the CABG, the average angina FC was 13.0% lower in the core group (p=0.0359) and 20.2% lower in 16-18 years postoperatively than in the control group (p=0.0303). Comparison of the average CF FCs within the period of 2 months and 16-18 years after the CABG showed no statistically significant differences in the groups studied.Conclusion. The use of 5-Oxymethyluracil in the perioperative period improves the angina functional class in the early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting, and this effect is maintained throughout the follow-up period up to 18 years, while the medication does not significantly affect the functional class of circulatory failure during the entire follow-up period.

Objective is to study the indications and determine the optimal timing of the sequential use of ethanol sclerotherapy and radiofrequency ablation in patients with benign thyroid nodules.Material and methods. Organ-preserving methods, ethanol sclerotherapy (ES) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), were consistently performed in 78 patients with benign thyroid nodules at the BSMU Clinic and MC MEGI Ufa, during the period from 2019 to 2021.Results and discussion. According to ultrasound characteristics, all patients had solid-liquid node structure. The effectiveness of sequential use of ES and RFA in terms of 1 to 3 months was compared. It was found that the method of sclerotherapy followed by RFA gives a greater effect when they are carried out sequentially with an interval of no more than 1 month.Conclusion. Under ultrasound navigation, it is possible to perform interventions on the nodes of the thyroid gland with maximum preservation of the unchanged tissue of the organ and parathyroid glands. In nodes with the presence of a liquid component in the structure, the efficiency is higher with the sequential use of ES and RFA within a period of no more than 1 month. Manipulation is possible on an outpatient basis with the preservation of the patient's ability to work [4].

Objective is to study the frequency of cesarean section (CS) operations and to determine the main indications for surgery in accordance with the classification of M. Robson.Material and methods. The frequency of abdominal delivery during the period 2018 - 2021 was determined in the SBHI RCPCof the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan. A retrospective analysis of 150 delivery records of patients delivered by cesarean section in 2021 was carried out. The age of the patients, the parity of labor, the term of delivery, the frequency of emergency operations were studied. The Robson scale was used, recommended as a standard for monitoring and comparing the frequency of cesarean section in maternity hospitals, which allows to study the structure of indications for CS surgery. The data were processed by methods of medical statistics using MS Excel 2017 software.Results. The frequency of CS surgery over the past 4 years in the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republican Clinical Perinatal Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan tends to decrease and amounted to 61.3% in 2018,51.5% in 2019, 49% in 2020, 49.2% in 2021, but remains quite high. The main group of pregnant women who delivered by CS surgery in accordance with the M. Robson scale are women of group 5 who have a scar (scars) on the uterus after abdominal delivery in previous pregnancies -34%. A significant proportion of the operated patients were patients of groups 1, 2, 3, 10 on the M. Robson scale, in which the frequency of CS ranged from 8% to 16%. The most frequent indications for CS in these groups were intrauterine fetal hypoxia, untimely discharge of amniotic fluid, preeclampsia with complications, and pregnancy overgrowth.Conclusions. The frequency of CS surgery and the groups of pregnant women with the most frequent indications for CS delivery were determined, which is important for finding a reserve for reducing CS and optimizing the monitoring of risk groups for CS during pregnancy.

Purpose is to study the viral load and characteristics of some biochemical parameters in the dynamics of treatment with directacting antiviral (DAA) drugs in patients with chronic hepatitis C of varying severity.Material and methods. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Republican center for prevention and control of AIDSand infectious diseases, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa. Under observation were 40 patients with chronic hepatitis C, divided into two groups according to the severity of the disease. To assess the severity of liver fibrosis, the method of fibroelastometry was used with an assessment of its degree according to the METAVIR scale. In the study, a number of important biochemical parameters reflecting the functional state of the liver were evaluated at three stages of observation.Results and discussion. The dynamics of viral load in the blood in hepatitis C corresponded to moderate viremia in the first group and high viremia in the second group of patients with chronic hepatitis C at the first stage (before treatment). At the subsequent stages of monitoring the effectiveness of therapy, HCV RNA was not detected in the first group, in the second group it was detected in isolated cases. According to the results of liver fibroelastometry, severe fibrosis (F3 on the METAVIR scale) was detected in the first group and liver cirrhosis (F4) - in the second group of patients.Screening analysis used some biochemical indicators: ALT, AST, GGT, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, bilirubin and blood glucose.By the end of antiviral therapy in the first group of patients, all biochemical parameters reached normal values, and in the groupof patients with liver cirrhosis, most of the analyses had only a tendency to recovery.Conclusions. To assess the effectiveness of antiviral therapy of DAAs in patients with chronic hepatitis C with severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, the viral load and biochemical blood parameters by control stages were used. An immediate virological response was achieved in 100% of patients of the first group with liver fibrosis and in 67,7% of patients of the second group with liver cirrhosis.

The process of isolation and purification of DNA from biological material is one of the most important and key stages of molecular genetic research on the quality of execution, which largely depends on the success and sensitivity of all its subsequent stages, as well as the correct and reliable initial result.The data on the experience of using the column filtration method by a commercial set of ExtractDNA Blood reagents (CJSC«Eurogen», Russia) for extracting high-concentration DNA extract and purification from samples of whole thawed blood of 169 patients suitable for subsequent genotyping are presented.Material and methods. The effectiveness of the DNA extraction technique we have chosen was evaluated by spectrophotometric indicators of the concentration and purity of samples obtained during the work from impurities, traces of preservatives and substances inhibiting its analysis.Results and conclusions. Taking into account the ease of use of this commercial kit, the safety of the components included in its composition, as well as sufficient spectrophotometric data for subsequent analysis: average purity (A260/A280) = 1,896 and average concentration (C) = 56.87 ng/ml of isolated DNA from thawed blood samples, it can be concluded that the method of column filtration chosen by us with a commercial set of ExtractDNA Blood reagents (CJSC «Eurogen», Russia) is optimally suitable for DNA extraction.

The main aim of the study is to identify patterns of structure and relationship of the lumbar spine elements and surrounding muscles in women over 50 years age.Material and methods. The study was performed on the lumbar spine computer tomograms of 57 women aged 50-73 years. Theimages were taken on an Aquilion 16 TSX-101A tomograph with a slice thickness of 1 mm. Measurements on tomograms were carried out in three planes using the RadiAnt program. The values of 20 parameters were measured in each segment. A median, the estimation of the two-way confidence interval differences according to the Mann-Whitney criterion with statistic significance at p≥0.05, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to describe the severity of each.Results. The width of the vertebral bodies and the length of the spinous process increase with an increase in the ordinal number of vertebrae. There is a tendency to symmetrical expansion of the muscle mass caudally. The maximum number of correlations with a strength of 0.6-1.0 has the width of the paravertebral muscle mass, while the number of correlations variates in contralateral halves of the body. The revealed asymmetry of correlation relationships in the lumbar region reflects the features of bipedal locomotion, human postural stability, and load distribution on the underlying parts of the skeleton.Conclusions. The most correlated structures of the «vertebra - paravertebral muscle segment» complex at the level L1-L5 are paravertebral muscle arrays. The correlation graf of the relationship is asymmetric and is also associated with the peculiarities of transferring the load to the lower limbs.

The purpose of the study is to obtain new relevant information about the macromicroanatomy and topography of the spleen in normal conditions and to create an anatomical basis for the development of organ-preserving operations using microsurgical techniques.Material and methods. In the course of the study, intravital computed tomographic anatomy of the spleen was studied. Computed tomograms of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space were chosen as the basis for the analysis, with the level of imagecapture from the diaphragm to the ischial bones. The study involved 110 patients who had no pathology of the abdominal cavity andretroperitoneal space. The age of the patients ranged from 22 to 87 years. There were 66 (60%) female and 44 (40%) male patients. The macromicroanatomy of the upper and lower poles of the spleen was also studied based on the analysis of 10 histotopographic sections of the poles of human cadaveric spleens in the sagittal projection.Results. It was revealed that the most common localization of the upper pole of the human spleen is the projection level of the XI thoracic vertebra, and the lower pole of the spleen is on the level of the I lumbar vertebra. The most common variant of the location of the spleen in humans was the one in which it was localized from the projection level of the XI thoracic vertebra to the II lumbar vertebra.According to the present study, based on the diameter of the intraorgan splenic vessels, the spleen pole can be divided into 3 zones, i.e. the spleen capsule with a thickness of 0.2 ± 0.05 mm, the superficial zone 1.5 - 2.0 cm deep from the surface of the organ with a diameter vessels up to 0.5 mm inclusive, and a deep zone in which vessels with the diameter of 0.6 mm and more pass.Conclusions. The skeletotopy of the spleen was studied by computed tomography, on the basis of which the most optimal vari-ant of operational access to this organ was proposed, which consists in performing an oblique left-sided hypochondral laparotomy, from the level of the 6th intercostal space to the level of the 8-9th intercostal space on the left.The use of a microsurgical suture material for the human spleen is substantiated. The division of the spleen pole into zones isproposed, which is necessary for the choice of surgical tactics when performing organ-preserving interventions.

Recent studies have shown the high efficiency of using enterosorbents based on natural mineral raw materials.The aim of the work is to develop the composition and technology for obtaining enterosorbent granules based on a natural mineral complex (NMC) - Kimmeridgian (blue) healing clay «Undorovskаyа».Material and methods. The authors used physicochemical, technological, biopharmaceutical research methods.Results. A technological method has been developed that makes it possible to obtain granules that meet the requirements of current regulatory documentation. The adsorptive activity of NMC granules - «Undorovskaya» healing clay in relation to toxicants of medium molecular weight - solutions of medicinal substances of various concentrations, was studied in order to be able to use this enterosorbent in case of moderate poisoning. In vitro experiments proved the lack of influence of the pH of the medium on the adsorption activity of the granules. The storage stability was studied and the experimental shelf life of the granules was determined.

The development and validation of new methods to improve the reliability of drug quality control is an urgent task of pharmaceutical chemistry.The aim of the study was to improve the quality control of the substance based on birch leaves polysaccharides.Material and methods. A method of standardization of a new active pharmaceutical substance based on polysaccharides from birch leaves (Betula pendula Roth., Betula verrucosa Ehrh., Betula pubescens Ehrh), which has hypocholesterolemic activity, according to the «Quantitative determination» indicator, has been proposed. The technique is based on the quantitative determination of three major monosaccharides that make up the polysaccharide core of the macromolecule by spectrophotometry, namely: rhamnose with anthrone reagent, galacturonic acid with 3,5-dimethylphenol, and galactose with phenol. The use of the proposed integrated approach is explained by the need to improve the reliability of determining the quantitative content in order to optimize the quality control of the pharmaceutical substance. Quantitative determination of rhamnose was validated earlier [13].Results. Validation of the developed methods for the quantitative determination of glucose and galacturonic acid was carried out in terms of: specificity, linearity in the range of 0.06-0.12 mg/ml, correctness for the analytical region of 60-120% was 0.83-2.55%, repeatability 0, 6-2.16%, reproducibility 0.61-1.62%.

The purpose of this work is to study the elemental composition of the aboveground part of D. cannabina, and extracts obtained from it using various extractants.Material and methods. The composition of elements in the aerial part of Datisca cannabina L., (Datiscaceae) grown under conditions of introduction and collected in the budding and flowering phases, as well as in extracts obtained from them, was studied byICP-MS.Results. The elemental composition of the aerial part, leaves and stems of D. cannabina is represented by 61 elements. The studied samples do not differ in the composition of elements. In a comparative analysis of the content of elements by organs, it is possible to compose accumulative decreasing series for: leaves - Ca˃ K˃ Si˃ Mg˃ Rb˃ Fe˃ Zn˃ Mn˃ Br˃ Al˃ Ba˃ Cu˃ Na˃ Ti; stems - Ca˃ K˃ Si˃ Mg˃ Fe˃ Zn˃ Al˃ Mn˃ Rb˃ Br˃ Na˃ Ti˃ Cu˃ Ba; herbs - Ca˃ K˃ Si˃ Mg˃ Fe˃ Rb˃ Mn˃ Al˃ Br˃ Na˃ Ti˃ Cu˃ Cr˃ Mo. The elemental composition of extracts obtained from the aerial part of D. cannabina using water and water-ethanol mixtures is represented by 61 elements. The extracts are characterized by a high content of essential elements. The eluting ability to extract elements from raw materials decreases with an increase in the ethanol content in the extractants.

In the officinal medicine of Russia and Poland, the Tripleurospermum perforatum (L.) Sch.Bip. is considered an admixture to matricary. However, in folk medicine, the Tripleurospermum perforatum (L.) Sch.Bip. used as an emollient, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antispasmodic. Antibacterial and antimycotic properties have been established for the raw material of the Tripleurospermum perforatum. It should be noted that there is not enough data in the literature on the analysis of the chemical composition of the Tripleurospermum perforatum (L.) Sch.Bip., which grows on the territory of the Russian Federation. Tripleurospermum perforatum (L.) Sch.Bip. has a sufficient raw material base and habitat, which makes it possible to recommend its raw materials as officinal provided there are developed quality control methods allowing to determine the dominant group of biologically active compounds, which,according to the literature and experimental data, are flavonoids.The aim was to develop a method of analyzing the amount of flavonoids in the flowers of the Tripleurospermum perforatum(L.) Sch.Bip. and validation of this method.Material and methods. The object of the study was the air-dried flowers of the Tripleurospermum perforatum (L.) Sch.Bip. The analysis of the total content of flavonoids in the flowers of the Tripleurospermum perforatum (L.) Sch.Bip. was carried out with spectrophotometry.Results. The influence of the concentration of the extractant, the time of extraction, the multiplicity of extraction of flavonoids have been considered, the conditions for the reaction of complex formation of flavonoids with aluminum chloride have been determined. The optimal conditions for analysis have been established. The method has been validated according to the criteria: specificity, linearity, correctness, precision.

According to WHO, up to 95% of the adult population suffers from inflammatory periodontal diseases. A number of publications describe medicinal plants and preparations based on them that are effective for the treatment of the oral cavity. It has been found that the antimicrobial activity of herbal remedies is of great importance in the treatment of periodontal diseases.The aim was to develop a plant-based remedy with an antimicrobial effect for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Material and methods. Based on the literature data, five types of medicinal plant materials were selected and the antimicrobial activity of their alcoholic extracts was analyzed.Results. Three types of medicinal plant materials were selected with the most pronounced zone of microorganism growth inhibition, on the basis of which an agent for the oral cavity (mouth rinse) with the commercial name «Art-Dentale Expert», effective against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, was developed and registered. The main active ingredients of the product are extracts of pomegranate pericarp, eucalyptus leaves and thyme herb. «Art-Dentale» rinse showed higher efficiency in comparison with the reference preparations «Stomatofit» and «Rotokan».

For the quantitative determination of phenolic compounds, a technique based on the reaction of polyphenols with the Folin- Ciocalteu reagent is widely used.The purpose of this work was to determine the content of substances of phenolic nature in plant objects. We have selected samples containing significant amounts of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids.Material and methods. For the study, extracts from the objects under study were used, obtained by extracting raw materials with ethyl alcohol 50%, 70%, 90% and purified water. Calculation of phenolic compounds was carried out according to the calibration curve of the interaction of gallic acid with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.Results. The highest content of the sum of phenolic compounds - 25,2±0,3% is observed in the extract from the grass Lysimachia punctata, obtained by extraction with 50% ethyl alcohol. The stabilization of the obtained complexes was observed within 45-60 min. The spectrophotometric method made it possible to estimate the content of the total polyphenolic compounds in plant objects in terms of gallic acid with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.

Purpose: development of experimental gels based on 4-R-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenic acid heterylamides and study of their wound-healing effect on an in vivo model. Material and methods. Experimental semi-solid dosage forms based on a hydrophilic ointment base Macrogol 400 - Macrogol1500 (4:1), containing 4-R-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid hetarylamides as active components, which have a pronounced combined antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory action. The effect on the healing of linear aseptic skin wounds was studied by the method of wound-tensiometry.Results and discussion. The wound healing activity of the hydrophilic ointment base Macrogol 400 - Macrogol 1500 (4:1), ointment «Levomekol» and 3 prototypes of ointments was studied. It was found that two ointment compositions have a woundhealing effect compared to the control, their action is comparable to the activity of the reference drug and does not inhibit the processes of reparative regeneration in animals. An experimental gel exceeding the indicators of the comparison drug was found, which indicates the prospects for further study of derivatives of amides of α-oxocarboxylic acids.

Purpose is to determine the content of the component composition of Leonurus deminutus V.I. Krecz. herb using the chromatomass spectrometric method.Material and methods. The object of the study was samples of aerial organs of L. deminutus stored in the Irkutsk region in 2020during the blooming period. The studied raw materials were subjected to hydrodistillation according to the method No.1 of OFS 1.1.5.3.0010.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV edition, the distillate yield was 0.02±0.001% on dry raw materials. The fractions were analyzed by chromatomass spectrometry on an Agilent Technologies 7890A/7000D (QQQ) device.Results. 19 compounds were identified. Major substances are among sesquiterpene compounds - 3,8,8-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2-naphthalenyl methyl acetate (11,09%) and 8-cedren-13-ol (5,36%), hydrocarbons - di(sec-butyl)3,3- dimethylpentanedioate (9,77%), carotenes - β-carotene (4,79%), organic acid esters - diisobutyl phthalate (13,54%), high-molecular fatty acids - trimethylsilyl ether of palmitic acid (14,5%).Conclusions. The composition of the steam distillation of products of the aerial part of L. deminutus growing in the Irkutsk re-gion was studied for the first time.

We present a clinical example of a complex diagnosis of Crohn's disease with an isolated lesion of the terminal ileum (terminal ileitis). The disease was complicated by stenosis of the ileum (8 cm) with its subsequent resection. Further lack of the patient’s follow-up and inadequate therapy choice led to a relapse of the disease. The recurrence was diagnosed with video capsule endoscopy that revealed linear ulcerative defects and stenosis in the distal ileum, passable for the video capsule. Prescription of biological therapy with Infliximab contributed to a convincing clinical and laboratory remission.The article highlights the basic and debatable issues on management strategies and the choice of anti-relapse therapy for the patients with Crohn's disease in postoperative period, depending on clinical situation. This case illustrates the difficulties of Crohn's disease diagnosis in asymptomatic patients, success of biological therapy, and significance of proper postoperative management. We demonstrate how a deviation from the standardized clinical algorithm in the postoperative period caused the recurrence of terminal ileitis with the formation of ileal stenosis.

Hypothyroxinemia of premature newborns is one of the most common transient thyroid disorders in preterm newborns. In this review article, we reviewed the available literature and clinical studies over the past 10 years on the development of transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (THoP). The etiology of primary and delayed increases in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in preterm infants has not been fully elucidated. There is some controversy regarding the timing and indications for screening for thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants. So, as THoP usually resolves spontaneously within 3-6 weeks of the postnatal period of adaptation of preterm infants. THoP is considered by the authors as a feature of the formation of the thyroid function of very preterm infants, other authors suggest that THoP is associated with non-thyroidal conditions that develop in preterm infants due to the severity of the somatic condition.The factors influencing the formation of the function of the thyroid system in newborns are analyzed. According to the literature, it was revealed that thyroid hormone replacement therapy did not lead to an improvement in the short-term and long-term outcomes of the development of the nervous system in this group of children. Questions about the indications, terms of treatment of THoP replacement therapy remain open. Further multicenter clinical trials are needed for more comprehensive conclusions.

Cardiovascular complications caused by the use of important vital medicines for the treatment of lung cancer attract researchers (oncologists and cardiologists) to study the manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the treatment of oncopathology. The review presents data suggesting that risk factors associated with CVD are also associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality from lung cancer. It is emphasized that smoking is the main cause of lung cancer and is also a risk factor of the development of CVD. The issues of cardiotoxicity caused by chemotherapy as the main cause of cardiovascular morbidity in cancer patients are considered. The epidemiology of cardiotoxicity in the use of various groups of chemotherapeutic drugs (alkylating agents, antimetabolites, mitosis inhibitors, topoisomerase II inhibitors) is presented. The possible mechanisms of the effect of chemotherapy on the cardiovascular system are analyzed.

In the present article based on the publications of BSMU, the current understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of nonspecific back pain has been summarized. The issues of diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment of this pathology have been considered.The urbanization of modern society and, as a result, the physical inactivity associated with it, environmental problems, and the high content of carbohydrate foods increase degenerative regression in the intervertebral discs. Pain syndrome, which reduces the quality of life and is the result of a long-term disability, causes the largest number of patients’ complaints. Backpain tends to recur and, as a result, early diagnosis of the cause allows an adequate treatment of pain associated with degenerative-dystrophic processes of the cervical spine. Along with the ongoing therapy, on the basis of publications, clinical cases have been taken into account in which differential diagnosis was carried out with a number of somatic diseases - oncological neoplasms, pyelonephritis. Neck pain syndromes differ significantly in patients of three constitutional groups as well as the choice of therapy approach - orthotics, local administration of drugs, kinesiotherapy, hydrotherapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

The article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the evacuation of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and its president, Academician A.A.Bogomolets, to the city of Ufa. In particular, the main directions of scientific activity of the scientist in the capital of the Republic in the period from 1941 to 1943 are shown. The continuity in his work is traced from the Saratov, Moscow and Kiev stages to the Ufa. Theoretical developments of A.A.Bogomolets about the reactivity of the body, the connective tissue system formed the basis for the production of specific vaccines and serums, as well as non-specific biostimulants for the treatment of wounds in wartime conditions. The scientist's works are still in demand today, they fit seamlessly into the modern doctrine of 4P medicine, innovative technologies of biostimulation and biomaterial transplantation.