The aim of this study was to analyze the associations of significant polymorphisms of the VEGF, eNOS, MMP9, MMP12, IL-6, IL-28B, TP53, HiF1A and ITGA2 genes in patients with breast and ovarian cancer.

Material and methods. 148 individuals aged 36-75 years old were examined. Three groups were identified: with ovarian cancer (n=45), with breast cancer (n=52), control group (n=51) – healthy volunteers. Genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method for polymorphic loci of VEGF, eNOS, HIF1A, ITGA2, IL28B_1, MMP12, MMP9, IL6, TP53.

Results. Carrying the CC genotype of the rs1126643 polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing breast cancer (p<0.05) and ovarian cancer (p><0.01). CC polymorphism rs11549465 – breast cancer (p=0.47). GG polymorphism rs2010963 has a protective effect on ovarian cancer. Polymorphism rs1042522 affects the risk of ovarian cancer. Conclusion. Polymorphisms of the HIF1A rs11549465, ITGA2 rs1126643 genes are associated with the risk of developing breast cancer, and ITGA2 rs1126643, VEGF rs2010963 and TP53 rs1042522 with ovarian cancer. Key words: breast cancer, ovarian cancer, SNP, VEGF, eNOS, HIF1A, ITGA2, IL28B_1, MMP12, MMP9, IL-6, TP53.> < 0.05) and ovarian cancer (p < 0.01). CC polymorphism rs11549465 – breast cancer (p=0.47). GG polymorphism rs2010963 has a protective effect on ovarian cancer. Polymorphism rs1042522 affects the risk of ovarian cancer.

Conclusion. Polymorphisms of the HIF1A rs11549465, ITGA2 rs1126643 genes are associated with the risk of developing breast cancer, and ITGA2 rs1126643, VEGF rs2010963 and TP53 rs1042522 with ovarian cancer.

Objective. To study the subpopulation composition of T-helpers in the primary tumor site and regional lymph nodes in patients with colorectal cancer.

Material and methods. The subpopulation composition of T-helpers was determined in 105 patients with colon cancer using flow cytometry. The control group consisted of 75 patients with non-neoplastic diseases of the colon.

Results. In patients with colorectal cancer, the relative content of type 1 T-helpers and type 2 T-follicular cells in the primary tumor site decreases by 1.4 times and 1.3 times respectively; the number of type 17 T-helpers increases. In the regional lymph nodes of patients with colorectal cancer, the relative content of type 2 T-helpers and type 1 T-follicular lymphocytes decreases by 1.6 times; the number of classical T-helpers type 17 increases by 1.8 times and T-follicular lymphocytes type 17 – by 2.9 times.

Conclusion. In patients with colorectal cancer, changes occur in the subpopulation composition of tumor-infiltrating T-helpers both in the primary focus of tumor growth and in the lymph nodes.

Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) was first described in 2008 and involved simultaneous use of antegrade and retrograde approaches to the renal calyx. These endoscopic techniques together improve the efficacy and emphasize clinical benefits of the combined approach in treating patients with staghorn nephrolithiasis.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ECIRS by analyzing a stone-free rate and complication rate.

Material and methods. We assessed prospectively patients with staghorn kidney stones who underwent ECIRS between 2019 and 2024. We compared sex, age, body mass index, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, number and types of surgical interventions, number of percutaneous approaches, surgery duration, length of hospital stay, and complications between the groups. The size and density of the stones were evaluated by unenhanced and contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography.

Results. Our study included 84 patients divided into groups according to the staghorn nephrolithiasis classification developed at the Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology (C1, 8 patients; C2, 14 patients; C3, 32 patients; C4, 30 patients). In 70 patients the stones were successfully removed in one surgery, and the stone-free rate effect was achieved. In C3 and C4 groups 6 and 8 patients, respectively, underwent repeated endoscopic interventions. In 4 cases in C3 group and 6 cases in C4 group additional percutaneous approach was required. The stone-free status and complication rates were 83.3% and 38.1%, respectively. Most complications (28.6%) were minor (fever, pain, gross hematuria). In 3 patients (9.4%) in C3 group and 4 patients (13.3%) in C4 group, antibiotic therapy was adjusted due to the development of acute pyelonephritis. One patient (3.3%) in C4 group was admitted to an intensive care unit due to sepsis. The length of hospital stay was 8.25±1.75 bed-days.

Conclusions. ECIRS will allow adaptation of the operation to a specific patient, to the size and localization of the calculi and the anatomy the urinary system. According to the results of the study, the method has a high level of safety and effectiveness, which will reduce the percentage of complications, the number of bed-days, the frequency of repeated interventions and percutaneous accesses to the kidney, it will also ensure a high rate of calculi absence.

Objective. To determine independent prognostic risk factors for vesicoureteral anastomotic urinary leakage (AUL) and to develop a predictive model.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of perioperative parameters was performed in patients with prostate cancer who underwent endovideosurgical radical prostatectomy in the oncology department MH «Neftyanik» in Tyumen from 2020 to 2021. Surgical technique consisted of antegrade radical prostatectomy with priority preservation of sphincter and neck of the bladder and continuous anastomosis. All patients underwent cystography on the 7th day after surgery. Presence of contrast aside from the bladder and urethra was determined as vesicoureteral anastomotic urinary leakage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors.

Results. A total of 315 patient medical records were reviewed. AUL was recorded in 42 (13.3%) patients. The average duration of bladder drainage in these patients was 15 days versus 7. In all cases, the anastomotic defect zone included the posterior semicircle. An independent association with AUL was demonstrated by: body mass index (OR=1.083; 95% CI 1.005-1.167), prostate volume (OR=1.025; 95% CI 1.009-1.042), intravesical protrusion of more than 10 mm (OR=3.908; 95% CI 1.206-12.660) and the proportion of positive columns with adenocarcinoma (OR=1.026; 95% CI 1.010-1.043). The obtained data were used to develop a prognostic model. The overall percentage of correct answers of the model was 89.8%. The area under the ROC analysis curve was 0.790 (0.703-0.876). Validation was performed on an independent sample of 86 people.

Conclusion. Body mass index, prostate volume, intravesical protrusion more than 10 mm and the proportion of positive columns with adenocarcinoma are independent factors associated with the risk of AUL. The model we developed can be used to predict and determine individual patient management tactics.

Objective. To analyze the relationship between colonic dysbiosis and iron deficiency anemia in 120 women aged 18 to 49 years old.

Material and methods. The following materials and methods were used: colonoflor-16 method combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess colonic dysbiosis. Study participants suffered from mild iron deficiency anemia, as demonstrated by hemoglobin levels between 110 and 119 g/L, serum iron levels below 10 g/L, and ferritin levels below 30 μg/L. The mean age of the participants was 34 years old and BMI was 23.11±3.47 kg. 58 women (48.3%) had a history of childbirth. More than half of the women in the study (54.17%) had previously taken iron preparations.

Results. A significant change in the microbiota of the examined patients was revealed - 88.9%, which was characterised by a clinically significant decrease in the commensal microorganisms Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. and a significant increase in the titres of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Candida spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp. In addition, there was an increase in the coefficient of anaerobic imbalance characteristic of inflammatory bowel diseases and autoimmune conditions against the background of mild iron deficiency. The detected disturbances in the total number of microbial cells of the large intestine were accompanied by an increase in the coefficient of anaerobic imbalance.

Conclusion. The observed changes confirm the research data on the influence of large intestinal dysbiosis on the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia.

Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) is the main component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Increased activity and amount of endotoxin in the systemic bloodstream is observed in various conditions, including preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication characterized by dysfunction of the hemostasis system. However, the issue of the effect of endotoxin on the hemostasis system remains unresolved.

Aim. To establish the effect of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative microorganisms on the process of plasma coagulation during pregnancy.

Material and methods. An experimental study was conducted with 15 samples of platelet-free plasma from pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation. After a preliminary analysis of endotoxin activity using the LAL test, a series of experiments was conducted to assess the effect of different doses of endotoxin on the coagulation system.

Results. With an increase in the concentration of lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative microorganisms in the functioning of the hemostasis system, an acceleration of the initiation process and a change in the quality of the resulting fibrin fiber are observed. The degree of expression of the described changes linearly depends on the concentration of lipopolysaccharide.

Conclusion. Lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative microorganisms is capable to influence the process of hemocoagulation, which requires further research.

Objective. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as part of the comprehensive treatment of specific ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa in tuberculosis.

Material and methods. A prospective cohort clinical study was conducted involving 60 patients (36 men, 24 women, mean age – 42.8±5.6 years old) randomized into two groups: the main group (n=30, PDT + chemotherapy) and the control group (n=30, chemotherapy only). Treatment efficacy was assessed using clinical, microbiological, and histological parameters. PDT was performed with methylene blue (1%) and a diode laser (660 nm, 100 mW, 2 minutes).

Results. The main group demonstrated significantly faster ulcer epithelialization (p=0.003), reduced inflammatory infiltration (p=0.007), and improved tissue regeneration (p=0.001). Bacterial load decreased more rapidly in the PDT group (p<0.001). Histological analysis revealed enhanced granulation tissue formation (p=0.012) and lower Mycobacterium tuberculosis expression (p=0.002).

Conclusion. PDT combined with chemotherapy significantly accelerates tissue healing, reduces inflammation and lowers bacterial load, making it a promising method for the treatment of tuberculosis-related ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa.

The aim of the study: to assess the nature and extent of morphofunctional changes in the structure of the umbilical cord based on the results of postnatal studies, to compare morphometric parameters of the umbilical cord in the antenatal and postnatal periods.

Material and methods. The object of the study was the umbilical cords (n = 150). Initially, antenatal morphometry of the umbilical cord was carried out using ultrasound scanning on a Samsung Accuvix XG 2019 device. At the next stage, the macromicropreparation method according to V.P. Vorobyov was used. Corrosion preparations were made from the proximal and median segments of the umbilical cord, on the basis of which three-dimensional computer models were subsequently built using a RangeVision Spectrum 3D scanner (Russia).

Results. The morphometric parameters obtained by ultrasound scanning statistically significantly exceed similar parameters recorded in the postnatal period, obtained using macro-micropreparation methods.

Conclusions. In the early postpartum period, the umbilical cord undergoes a number of morphometric changes. They are a direct result of the cessation of its key functions. The ranges of morphometric parameters of the umbilical cord presented by us demonstrate significant variability, characteristic of the boundaries of the normal anatomical structure.

The aim of the study was to identify tobacco smoking and the degree of nicotine dependence among adolescents in the study group, and to assess their quality of life.

Material and methods. A study of smoking status in 64 adolescents from 12 to 17 years of age was conducted using questionnaires and determination of cotinine in urine. The degree of nicotine dependence was determined using the Fagerstrom test. The quality of life of adolescents was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire.

Results. According to the results of the study, more than 53% of teenagers try to smoke, 4/5 of them become smokers. The average age of smoking initiation is 12.5 years. More than 20% of teenage smokers smoke daily. In 91% of cases, adolescents have very low nicotine dependence. Adolescents who smoke have low rates of physical and role functioning, general health, social and emotional-volitional functioning. The low indicator of the general physical component of health reflects a low subjective assessment of the general state of health of adolescents involved in tobacco smoking (p=0.009).

Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the need for further study of the problem of tobacco smoking among children and adolescents.

The purpose of the research is to study the morphological and anatomical features of raw lemon verbena (Aloysia citrodora P.).

Material and methods. The study of lemon verbena raw materials was carried out using a magnifying magnifier and a Motic DM-111 light microscope in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia XV. The digitization of the microscopic analysis results was carried out using the Motic Images software.

The main results. In the course of the work, a series of microscopic studies was performed, including transverse and longitudinal sections, which made it possible to confirm the classical structure of the leaf, as well as complement it with anatomical features of the petiole. The petiolar anatomy of lemon verbena leaves (Aloysia citrodora P.) was described for the first time. A feature of the structure of the leaf blade is the presence of retort-shaped and glandular hairs, which are located mainly along the central vein of the upper side of the leaf and are directed from the base of the leaf blade to the tip and edge of the leaf.

Conclusion. These results can be used for further development of a draft pharmacopoeial article on the territory of the Russian Federation for raw lemon verbena (Aloysia citrodora P.).

Objective. To investigate the influence of key technological parameters on the process of glycyrrhizic acid extraction from licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) through a series of single-factor experiments and to develop a mathematical model of the process.

Material and methods. Extraction was carried out by the maceration method. Quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid was performed spectrophotometrically. Extraction model parameters were calculated by nonlinear regression in Minitab v.20 software.

Results. The following factors were found to have a significant effect on the extraction efficiency: temperature (in the range of 25-100 °C), solid-liquid ratio (10-30 ml/g), raw material particle size (up to 5 mm), process time (up to 30 minutes), addition of NaHCO3 (up to 1%) and stirring (up to 100 rpm). The model describing the dependence of extraction efficiency on key variables (time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio) was developed.

Conclusions. The influence of process parameters on the extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice roots was studied, critical process factors were determined. A mathematical model suitable for process optimization and scaling within the QbD concept was constructed.

Objective. Development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of fluconazole in a gel for topical use by UV spectrophotometry for use in routine quality control and expiration dates of the developed dosage form.

Material and methods. The study used the substance of fluconazole (ΧΡΑΝ ΗΛΟZE BIO TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD, China), a standard sample of fluconazole (CAS No.86386-73-4, Sigma-Aldrich), vitamin D3 (CAS 67-97-0), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) (CAS 9004-65-3), benzalkonium chloride (BACH) (CAS 63449-41-2 ), glycerin (LLC Tula Pharmaceutical Factory, Russia), 95% ethyl alcohol (Hippocrates LLC, Russia), model gel samples for external use, manufactured in the laboratory. The quantification of fluconazole was performed on an SF-56 spectrophotometer (Russia).

Results. The developed technique showed high specificity, the linearity of the technique was confirmed in the concentration range of 10-30 micrograms/ml with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9992. When determining the precision, the RSD value was 1.54%, which meets the established criteria. The concentration of fluconazole in the gel was determined (0.4890±0.0066%).

Conclusion. The developed UV spectroscopy technique for the determination of fluconazole in gel has shown high specificity and reproducibility. The application of the proposed technique makes it possible to reliably control the content of fluconazole in the gel for topical use, ensuring the quality of the finished dosage form at all stages of production.

Objective. Analysis of the provision of the population of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO) of the Republic of Tajikistan (RT) with medical and pharmaceutical services, identification of problems and ways to solve them.

Material and methods. Statistical data of the Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, the State Service for Supervision of Healthcare and Social Protection of the Population, the Healthcare Department of GBAO, documents provided by chief physicians of hospitals. The following methods were used in the study: retrospective analysis, statistical analysis, comparative analysis, structural and logical analysis.

Results and discussion. GBAO is the largest and most sparsely populated highland region of the Republic of Tajikistan (more than 44% of the total area, 2,27% of the total population). Medical care is provided to the population by 27 state healthcare institutions: 1 regional hospital, 7 district, 19 regional hospitals in 43 rural settlements. Only 23.5% of beds are in rural hospitals. There is a disproportion in the number and types of departments in the capital of the region (15 out of 17 types), districts (5-9 types), rural settlements (1-4 types). Many hospitals have a shortage or complete absence of doctors. The number of citizens per pharmacy institution (PI), depending on the territory, is within 3444-14100.

Conclusion. The conducted research showed insufficient provision of the region's population with medical and pharmaceutical services, which affects both the health of individual citizens and the overall socio-economic status of the region.

Objective. Comparative analysis of the range of penicillin medicines used for cystitis treatment in accordance with the instructions for medical use/leaflets and regulatory documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Material and methods. Based on the data from the State Register of Medicines (14.01.2025), the marketing indicators of the pharmaceutical penicillin market have been determined and presented using mathematical and graphical methods, and the assortment renewal index has been calculated.

Results. It was revealed that 64% of all medicinal products of penicillins can be used to treat cystitis based on the instructions in patients of different age groups, and 54% in pediatric practice in accordance with modern standards of medical care and clinical recommendations. It was determined that the most common name is amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, manufactured by «Sintez» and «Ruzpharma» (16% and 13% respectively), dosage forms are powder for intravenous and intramuscular administration and film-coated tablets (17% and 23% respectively).

Conclusion. The pharmaceutical market of penicillin drugs is represented by a wide range, while the average value of the threeyear renewal index of 35% indicates its compliance with the requirements of modern medicine.

Objective. Assortment analysis of dosage forms used to treat inflammatory periodontal diseases, taking into account active components, their pharmacological activity, as well as a share of domestic and foreign medicines.

Material and methods. Analysis of data from the information array «State Register of Medicines», the reference book of medicines «Vidal Online» and data from modern literature: Russian scientific electronic libraries eLIBRARY© and Cyberleninka©.

Results. Results of the work established the presence of 218 medicinal products of domestic and foreign manufacturers, approved for use in dental practice, produced in the form of liquid dosage forms (67.89%), soft dosage forms (7.34%), gaseous dosage forms (24.77%). Russian manufacturers account for 86.24% of medicinal products, foreign ones - 13.76%.

Conclusion. The study showed the dominant position of liquid dosage forms, distinguished by ease of use, rapid delivery of active substances to the site of inflammation. Soft dosage forms, despite their potential, make up only a small part of the market. A limited number of combination drugs combining antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and regenerative properties were identified. A promising direction is the creation of gels based on natural biologically active compounds with a complex effect, which will increase the effectiveness of therapy and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of kidney injury markers (C-reactive protein - CRP and cystatin C) in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) complicated by acute renal failure (ARF).

Material and methods. The prospective study included 336 patients with HFRS and 80 healthy volunteers. CRP and cystatin C levels were measured by immunoturbidimetric and ELISA methods.

Results. The content of CRP and cystatin C significantly increased depending on the severity of the disease, reaching a maximum with the development of ARF. The combination of markers showed high accuracy (92%) in predicting ARF. The results confirm the value of these markers for early detection and assessment of the risk of ARF, which can help improve patient management.

Conclusion. Analysis of the dynamics of CRP and cystatin C levels opens up new possibilities for optimizing diagnostics, risk stratification and personalized treatment of patients with HFRS.

This study is dedicated to the unique clinical and surgical experience of using vascular homografts in cases of synthetic prosthesis infection. The paper discusses surgical approaches that consider the clinical course of diseases, diagnostic data and the availability of homografts.

Objective. The objective of this study is to summarize and analyze the use of homografts in angiovascular surgery, assessing the effectiveness of advanced methods and homograft tissues in various clinical situations.

Material and methods. The study included six patients who underwent surgical interventions between 2015 and 2020. The patients had the following conditions: duodenal-prosthetic fistula, prosthesis infection after aorto-bifemoral bypass (ABBP), sepsis; aneurysm of distal anastomoses after aortobifemoral bypass (ABFB); infection of aorto-bifemoral prosthesis; infection of abdominal aorta stent graft; infection of prosthesis after iliac-femoral bypass.

Results. All six patients successfully underwent surgical interventions, showing favorable postoperative courses without any complications. The treatment outcomes were positive, confirming the effectiveness of homograft use in these unique clinical situations.

Conclusion. The use of vascular homografts in cases of synthetic prosthesis infection is an effective and safe method. The application of modern technologies and homologous materials in angiovascular surgery allows for positive outcomes in complex clinical situations.

Objective. To improve the method of safe removal of the fiber post during endodontic dental retreatment using a mediumpowered ultrasonic unit with minimization of the risk of damage to tooth tissue and alveolar tissue.

Material and methods. The clinical study involved 40 patients with chronic periodontitis (K04.5, K04.6, K04.7) which required endodontic treatment. In all patients, the tooth of concern had previously been restored with a fiber post, which had to be removed for access to the root canals and further unsealing. Efficacy was evaluated clinically (absence of periodontal symptoms) and radiologically (RVG and CBCT scans before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 3-6 months later). The main methods included collection of complaints, medical history, examination, probing, percussion and palpation. Radiological examination was performed using Dental X-ray unit (Rextar LCD) and Planmeca tomograph with Planmeca Romexis Viewer. Fiber posts were removed using a medium-power ultrasonic unit with StartX 3 nozzle (Dentsply Sirona) and interrupted water cooling. The procedure time was 30-60 seconds.

Results. The study showed a positive trend in treatment: the disappearance of clinical symptoms and a decrease in foci of bone destruction on radiographs and CT scans 3-6 months after the removal of the fiber posts.

Conclusion. The ultrasound method of removing fiberglass posts during repeated endodontic treatment is safe and clinically effective. The advantage of the technique is the absence of complications typical of alternative methods.

The paper presents a clinical observation of the case of a 76-year-old patient with a pointed condyloma of the anogenital region associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). During the treatment, a radical removal of pathological formation was performed using argon -plasma coagulation, and antiviral therapy was prescribed.

The data from medical documents of outpatient and inpatient follow-up were used, including the results of laboratory and instrumental research methods, in particular, confirmed HPV-ethiology of condyloma (determining the viral load by polymerase chain reaction), vulvoscopy, colposcopy, cytological study of the cervical scranes and cervical canal. The patient’s informed consent was obtained to publish surveillance results.

This case emphasizes the need for cancer alertness managing patients with condylomas, especially during menopause, when prolonged persistence of the virus is more probable and “arbitrary” elimination is impossible, as well as the advantages of modern minimally invasive technologies that allow to eliminate the cosmetic defect and reduce the period of postoperative hospital stay.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system, with an annually increasing incidence. Robot-assisted partial nephrectomies (RAPN) have become the gold standard for treating early-stage RCC due to their high precision, reduced tissue trauma, and improved clinical outcomes. This study aims to analyze the current capabilities and limitations of RAPN, including the use of retroperitoneal access, off-clamp techniques, and the integration of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and 3D printing. A review of recent scientific literature, including peer-reviewed studies, meta-analyses, and reviews published between 2012 and 2024, was conducted. The analysis demonstrated that RAPN outperforms laparoscopic and open methods in reducing blood loss, complication rates, and preserving kidney function. Off-clamp techniques proved effective in minimizing ischemic damage, while retroperitoneal access showed advantages in reducing operative time. The integration of AI and 3D printing offers new opportunities to enhance diagnostic accuracy and surgical planning. However, challenges remain, including high costs, complex training requirements, and limited access to technology. The future of robot-assisted surgeries lies in the adoption of innovative solutions to improve the accessibility and efficacy of this treatment approach.

The authors of the article conducted a descriptive synthesis of the literature to determine the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of oral mucositis, as well as to assess the impact of post-radiation mucositis on the quality of life of an oncological patient. The search for articles was carried out in three main Russian and foreign databases in the field of health and social sciences: eLibrary, CyberLeninka, PubMed.

Oral mucositis is an inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the oral cavity, often a complication of radiation therapy. Mucositis is a pressing problem of the present time, requiring an integrated approach to timely diagnosis and treatment. The pathology has a negative impact on the patient's condition, capturing social, economic, medical and psychological aspects. Of particular interest is the study of histological factors that have a certain significance in the development of oral mucositis: mast cells (MC), VEGF factor, CD-68 and CD-163 macrophages. The work artificially reproduced oral mucositis, presented photos of sections of the oral mucosa of the control group of rats. It was found that MC are an important factor in triggering the inflammatory process, and also affect the angiogenesis process. Immunohistochemical identification of VEGF in the oral mucosa of experimental rats with oral mucositis was carried out and significant expression of VEGF in newly formed vessels of the microcirculatory bed was shown. It was revealed that the number of CD68 and CD-163 positive macrophages correlates with a poor outcome of malignant disease in patients. Thus, clinical manifestations depend on the risk factors of a particular patient, the characteristics of the course of the tumor disease and radiation therapy. The approach to treatment causes certain difficulties for doctors, symptomatic therapy, laser radiation and experimental therapy are used. Therefore, the study of histological factors on a biomodel of radiation-induced oral mucositis will expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and contribute to the search for new drugs for the treatment and prevention of the pathology under study.