The paper presents the analysis of the experience of diagnosis and treatment of patients with diverticular disease of the colon in City Clinical Hospital № 21 (Ufa) over the period of 2000 to 2016, according to the criteria of age and gender distribution of forms, complications and relapses of disease and mortality. The study discusses the issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with inflammatory complications of diverticular disease (acute diverticulitis, extracolonic infiltration, perforated diverticulitis).Retrospective analysis of patients with diverticular disease of the colon, being treated in the City Clinical Hospital № 21 and comparison of the results with management of patients in other healthcare institutions showed some common patterns: increase in morbidity rate among people of working age, gender differences with prevalence of female patients, prevalence of acute diverticulitis among acute inflammatory complications, postoperational mortality decrease, increasing efficacy of conservative treatment.

The paper views the experience of biliary decompression conducted in 265 patients with the syndrome of obstructive jaundice. According to the cause of jaundice patients were divided into 3 groups: 1st - 47 patients with obstructive jaundice syndrome which was caused by cholangiocarcinoma (a Klatskin tumor) or metastases to the liver gate; 2nd - 41 patients with malignant tumors of the pancreatic head and the primary tumor of the gallbladder; 3rd - 177 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by gallstones or postcholecystectomic syndrome. The work presents the results of analysis of complications occurred during endobiliary decompression in the early postoperative period. Percutaneous transhepatic X-ray endobiliary interventions are accompanied by a comparatively low level of life-threatening complications and low mortality rate. Percutaneous transhepatic X-ray endobiliary interventions in patients with cholelithiasis and consequences of its treatment in some cases are accompanied by less number of complications, than in patients with obstructive jaundice of malignant genesis.

The study comparatively analyses patients with a single kidney stone from 2 to 3 cm in size after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (MIP) on the basis of the urology clinic of the First Moscow State Medical University n.a. I.M. Sechenov.The investigation included 55, 27 of them underwent PCNL surgery, and 28 - MIP. We evaluated operation time, the rate of destruction and evacuation of the stone, reduction of the hemoglobin level, the procedure for completing the operation, postoperative hospital stay and intra- and postoperative complications.Mean duration time of MIP was 47.5 min, PCNL - 60 min. The rate of destruction and evacuation of the stone at MIP was 75.2 mm3 / min, and at PCNL - 157.5 mm3 / min. At MIP, the level of hemoglobin decrease was 2.11±1.1 g / l, at PCNL 7.7±1.6 g / l. At MIP, the non-infective operation termination was applied in 32.1%, at PCNL - not applied. Nephrostomy at PCNL - 85,7%, at MIP - 66,7%. At MIP the average duration of postoperative hospital stay was 5 days, at PCNL - 7 days. Thus, MIP is an effective and safe technique for a solitary kidney stone from 2 to 3 cm in size and can replace conventional PCNL.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) remains an urgent problem in men with chronic V kidney disease. The use of PDE-5 inhibitors in combination with exercises for the pelvic floor muscles allows to achieve good results in the treatment of ED in patients with V stage CKD after kidney transplantation (TP). However, there are some patients for whom any oral pharmacotherapy is ineffective. The method of therapy with local negative pressure (LOD) of the penis in this category of patients can help to achieve a physiological erection without the use of any invasive manipulation.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the commonest urologic pathology among male patients of old and senile age. The study aimed to determine features of personality and mental state of patients with BPH treated and not treated surgically.The study included 80 patients with BPH, 42 of which underwent intravesical adenomectomy, 38 - refused surgical intervention. The survey included a standard diagnostic algorithm. All patients were divided into 2 groups: operated (adenomectomy) and those who refused surgical treatment. All patients were examined for personality characteristics and mental state by getting through questionnaire. The conducted researches on studying psychosomatic condition of patients allow to conclude that in patients who agreed to a radical operation - adenomectomy, the main manifestations were based on the symptomatology of the underlying disease (astheno-vegetative syndrome); patients who refused surgical treatment and gave preference to medical therapy, revealed violations in the mental state in the form of an anxiety-depressive syndrome.

Essential hypertension (EH) is a multifactorial disease, caused by complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. In this study we performed an analysis of the associations between EH and polymorphic markers in candidate genes: ICAM1 rs5498 (K469E), VCAM1 rs3917010 (c.w928+420A>C), CCL2 rs1024611 (-2518A>G), CCR2 rs1799864 (V64I), CX3CR1rs3732378 (T280M), CCR5 rs333 (Δ32 I/D) and VEGFA rs35569394 (-2549(18)I/D). For genotyping we used 196 DNA samples of men with EH and 301 DNA samples of almost healthy men. Using the APSampler algorithm, combinations of polymorphic markers associated with an increased risk of developing EH have been obtained, of which the most interesting are CCL2*G/G+CCR2*I, ICAM1*E+VCAM1*C+CCR5*D +CX3CR1*M, VCAM1*A+CCR2*I+CX3CR1*M.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a method of intravascular imaging of coronary arteries with a superior resolution, effectively used in an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Aim of the study was to compare characteristics of the patients with ACS caused by plaque rupture and plaque erosion using intravascular OCT. We evaluated clinical and morphological characteristics of115 ACS patients including 59 patients in the group with plaque rupture and 56 - with plaque erosion, causing occlusion.Examination was conducted using OCT device in frequency field (C7-XR OCT Intravascular Imaging System, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Minnesota).Patients with plaque erosion were younger than patients in plaque rupture group (52.78±10.5 years vs 57.55±9.13 years,p=0.011); lipid plaque and thin cap fibroatheroma were more frequently found in plaque rupture than in plaque erosion group (100% vs 51.8%, p<0.001; 96.6% vs 27.6%, p<0.001; respectively); lipid arc was greater and fibrous cap thickness were thinner in plaque rupture compared to plaque erosion group (p<0.001); macrophage infiltration and cholesterol crystals were more often detected in plaque rupture than in plaque erosion (p<0.001).Thus, according to OCT, plaque rupture has more frequent characteristics of vulnerable plaque compared to plaque erosion.

The article presents the results of a study of patients with chronic (ССС) and acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC). The work analyzed the relationship between the most important clinical and laboratory factors, lipid spectrum of blood serum and polymorphic loci rs693 of APOB-100 gene and rs4131229 gene ABCG5 using RОС analysis and binary logistic regression. As a result mathematical models of the probability of developing phenotypes of gallstone disease were created: P (ACC) = 1/1 + exp (-5,98+3,41*(Direct bilirubin>4 mmol/l) + 1,9*(Age > 63 years) + 2,384*(HDL ≤1.08 mmol/l) + 1,602*(LDL>1.68 mmol/l) + 1,421*(Allele C gene ABCG5) - 2,618(TG>0.74 mmol/l) + 1,291*(Cholesterol >5ммоль/l), R (CCC)= 1/1 + exp (-3,073 + 1,157*( HDL ≤1.09 mmol/l) + 1,382*( LDL>2.48 mmol/l) + 1,661*(Cholesterol >5ммоль/l)+ 0,615*(Genotype X+X - gene Apob-100). On the basis of these we created a rating scale to assess the risk of developing chronic and acute calculous cholecystitis.

Today an increase in the proportion of cardiovascular disease among extragenital disorders of women is an important issue. This pathology becomes particularly important during pregnancy, when female organs experience significant load. We have analyzed pregnancy and delivery of 113 women with cardiovascular disease. It was found that women with cardiovascular disease have burdened hereditary and obstetric history. Pregnancy in other women proceeded with toxicosis, gestosis, chronic placental insufficiency and exacerbation of chronic diseases, and delivery was accompanied by such pathologies as uterine hypotony, bleeding, premature detachment of the placenta. The preferred method of delivery for women with this pathology in 65,5% of cases is Caesarean section.These study results can be used to develop a complex of measures to optimize medical care for pregnant women with disorders of the circulatory system.

Today’s dentistry offers a significant amount of overdentures used to treat partial and total absence of teeth, generally at elderly people. Complex examination of patients using poll, questioning, clinical examination, immunological research of oral liquid, radiological research has been conducted. The use of removable laminar dentures made of different materials is an effective and available method of treatment. Clinical and immunological characteristic of an oral cavity condition at patients with removable dentures made of various materials is presented in this article. The paper analyzes some risk factors for development of secondary edentia and studies subjective and objective indicators of an oral cavity. It also presents data on a condition of humoral factors - IgA, s-IgA, IgE - in oral cavities of patients with orthopedic restorations made of various constructional materials. The results of evaluation of objective and subjective indices allowed to determine the most frequent disorders - change of mucous membrane colour (53.3%), burning mouth syndrome (38.3%), dry mouth (33.3%). The received results give grounds to improve the algorithm of diagnostics and treatment of this category of patients.

He aim is to show the advantages of diagnosing knee joint diseases with the help of ultrasound examination of pathotopographic anatomy. To display all elements of the joint with ultrasound, 4 standard accesses were used: lateral, medial, anterior and posterior. When performing ultrasound examination of the knee joint, ultrasonic pathotopographic anatomy was evaluated for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis as a change in tissue differentiation with increasing soft tissue echopositive component on the echogram, the appearance of additional hyperechoic structures at the edges of articular surfaces, and a decrease in the thickness of interarticular fissure in the form of constriction or absence of anechoic space between hyperechoic linear edge structures of the tibia and fibula. The main ultrasonic pathotopographic features were revealed in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis of the knee joint.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) accounts for a great part among the structure of ARVI morbidity. There is an international practice to use immune-prevention programs for RSV and to arrange hygienic procedures, all these leading to reduction of infant mortality rate and frequency of hospitalization of children from risk group for severe RSV. For the first time Ufa has started an immune-prevention program for RSV among children from high risk group for severe diseases of lower respiratory tract in epidemic season 2012-2013.The study examined 96 preterm newborns admitted to the NICU GDKB number 17 in 2012 and 2013. Preterm infants with RDS, complicated by pneumonia, children with BPD and hemodynamically significant functioning arterial duct were injected the drug Palivizumab before transferring from the intensive care unit and neonatal intensive care to the further stage or before discharge from the Department of Pathology of Newborns. As a result it was stated that passive immunisation with the drug Palivizumab of the premature infants with RDS, complicated by pneumonia, BPD and hemodynamically significant functioning arterial duct led to the decrease of repeated hospitalization of these patients into the pediatric unit (hospital) and infant mortality rate.

Development of a number of pathological states is bound to processes of lipid peroxidation which is considered as the universal mechanism of damage to cellular membranes. The most perspective antioxidants are natural biologically active agents received from plant products. This work presents the results of study of antioxidant activity of dry (water and ethanolic) extracts from black currant leaves by a chemiluminescent method. It is established, that in model systems of lipid peroxidation dry water extract from black currant leaves suppressed lipid peroxidation within the first minute, and ethanolic extract showed expressed pro-oxidant activity stimulating production of free radicals. In the model systems generating active forms of oxygen, the studied dry extracts in the first minutes induced the development of active forms of oxygen showing pro-oxidant properties, and completely suppressed production of free radicals by fifth minute, which was most expressed at dry water extract of black currant leaves.

In cosmetic and esthetic medicine injections are widely used to renew skin. One of the most physiological and safest method in injectional cosmetology is injection of native and partially stabilized hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan). However, the data, characterizing emergence of therapeutic effects at molecular level are occasional and are insufficient to understand biochemical mechanisms, being the ground for their action.The objective of the work is to study peripheral blood to determine insulinoid growth factor 1 (IGF1) and transforming growth factor - beta 1 (TGF- β1) during interdermal injection of nonstabilized high-molecular hyaluronic acid under experiment. Females of mature white rats (11-12 months) weighing 280-320 g were injected nonstabilized high-molecular hyaluronic acid three times interdermally. Immunoenzymometric analysis was used to determine growth factors in blood plasma. The medicine containing 13,5 mg/ml of hyaluronan with a molecular weight of 1 or Da was injected on the 1st, 3rd and 6th days of the experiment. The content of signal molecules was defined on the 2nd, 4th, 7th, 21st and 37th days of experience. It is established that IGF-1 increases on the 21st and 37th days, and TGF-β1 - during all periods of the research. Mechanisms of change of growth level factors and their value are discussed in the paper.

As a result of this research, synthesis, prediction of biological activity, toxicity of new O -thiethane containing derivatives of 2- thiopyrimidine was carried out.The individuality of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and the determination of the melting point, the determination of the structure and possible isomers of the obtained compounds was made using the NMR spec-troscopy method.The interaction of ethyl-2-[6-methyl-4-(thiethan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetate with hydrazine hydrate was studied, a method of the preparation of 2-[6-methyl-4-(thiethan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetic acid was developed. According to the NMR spectra, the presence of two proton signals of the thioacetohydrazide fragment indicates E,Z -isomerism characteristic for hydrazides due to inhibited rotation around the hydrazide N-C bond.Based on 2-[6-methyl-4-(thiethan-3-yloxy)pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid hydrazide, the corresponding hydrazones were prepared by reaction with carbonyl compounds by boiling in ethanol without the use of acid catalysts.A preliminary prediction of possible types of biological activity for the new synthesized O -thiethane containing derivatives of 2-thiopyrimidine was carried out using computer programs PASS and GUSAR.According to the prediction, the synthesized compounds belong to low-toxic substances and can exhibit antimicrobial, antiviral,nootropic activity, be Maillard reaction inhibitor, thiol protease inhibitor and stimulate leukopoiesis.

Dystonia ranks the 2-3rd among all forms of motor disorders. The most frequent are two forms of dystonia: blepharospasm and cervical dystonia (spastic dystonia). The main task in the treatment of dystonia is to achieve a stable remission of the disease while maintaining the patient's ability to work and social activity and preventing the recurrence of symptoms. The clinical effect after the injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is manifested in the form of a marked decrease in muscle tension, spasms and pain.We analyzed the results of management of 43 in-patients with focal muscular dystonias using botulinum toxins in the University Hospital of Bashkir State Medical University in Ufa. Evaluation of the dystonia and effectiveness of the treatment was carried out using the scales of spasmodic torticollis of the Western Toronto TWSTRS, photo and video recording. The reduction of dystonicpostures and pain was observed in most of the cases. We underline the positive features and the things to be improved for optimiz-ing the efficiency and quality control of medical rehabilitation in focal muscular dystonias.

The paper describes a clinical case and tactics of medical-diagnostic procedures for a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis with an outcome into nephrosclerosis, a condition after kidney transplantation to the external iliac artery, who received substitution therapy on the artificial kidney apparatus. With the purpose of determining the anatomical and functional state of the kidney for fur- ther management of the patient, a multislice spiral computed scan was performed, including the native, non-contrast phase and phases with intravenous bolus enhancement, which consistently scan to obtain arterial, venous, parenchymal stages of contrast. When analyzing the images, significant deviations from renal X-ray semiotics were revealed, which made it possible to correct treatment tactics.

The article presents current data on the anatomy of the parathyroid glands, physiology of calcium metabolism in the body, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of hyperparathyroidism. The paper reveals a clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism

Kozhevnikov epilepsy is a rare variant of seizures, characterized by the presence of spastic paresis, atrophy, myoclonus, and contractures, with the transition to a generalized epileptic seizure. This paper presents a case report of a patient with Kozhevnikov epilepsy after a focal form of tick-borne encephalitis and the subsequent development of chronic form of the disease. The features of this clinical case were manifestation of Kozhevnikov epilepsy after acute respiratory viral infection, lack of generalized seizures on the background of continuous treatment with anti-epileptic drugs. The clinical picture of the disease was amounted by spastic- amyotrophic paresis and contracture of the limb involved in myoclonic hyperkinesia. The dynamics of the disease was characterized by a gradual decrease in the severity of myoclonus amid increasing contractures in the joints of the left hand.

This paper presents a clinical case of deep vein thrombosis treatment with unfractionated heparin, complicated by the development of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and the progression of venous thrombosis in the proximal direction, requiring surgical prevention of pulmonary artery thromboembolism.

The article describes a rare case of spontaneous pneumothorax in 2 operated female patients with pathology of the maxillofacial region. Surgical treatment was performed using endotracheal anesthesia. The history of both patients had chronic bronchitis. In the postoperative period after a strong cough we noted the development of spontaneous pneumothorax with varying degrees of severity. After arresting right-sided pneumothorax in one patient, 6 days after surgery left-sided pneumothorax developed. How to interpret these complications: is it an oddity or a possible complication of anesthesia? What preventive measures should be taken to prevent spontaneous pneumothorax?

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a severe condition, caused by massive small bowel resection and it is the main cause of intesti- nal failure in children. SBS more frequently affects premature with low and extremely low weight and occurs in each patient indi- vidually. The aim of this research was to study peculiarities of SBS in children. Many factors such as pregnancy of the mother of thepatient, causes of massive small bowel resection, development and progress of SBS were studied. The patients in the study had four different underlying diagnoses. The peculiarities of SBS in children depending on underlying disorder were revealed. The deter- mined features will help to improve the exposure to risk group among patients and to plan surgery and postoperational follow-up of such patients.

Neurological disorders are quiet frequent, but poorly studied complications after internal organs transplantation. Their severity can vary from mild to major manifestations of nervous system disorders. In this paper we report about three patients with different neurological complications after orthotopic cadaveric liver transplantation and allograft renal transplantation. And we also consider the probable reasons for development of these complications, clinical implications, therapeutic management of patients after internal organs transplantation and prevention of neurological disorders. These patients received immunosuppressive therapy with the inclusion of tacrolimus or cyclosporine. The use of these medicines facilitates the development of infectious and toxic lesions of the nervous system, damages the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is accompanied by vasogenic swelling of the brain. Damage to the BBB in this case is mediated through the reduced expression of glycoprotein-P, which is localized on cytoplasmic membranes of endothelial cells of histohematogenous barriers, main function of which is to create an obstacle to the absorption of xenobiotics, and in case they enter the body - their early elimination. Arisen complications are most likely associated with the development of the aforementioned pathological processes.

In the last 10-15 years the world witnesses the polymorphism of the usual pattern of drug addiction, characterized by an increase in the supply of new psychoactive substances (NPS), which leads not only to the change in clinical drug addiction, but also to the emergence of new social problems. Regulatory authorities, such as UNIDOC note that each year several hundred NPS are being synthesized, in order to "replace" those substances, the circulation of which is banned at the legislative level. This review is performed to update the historical records of new generations of NPS that have appeared on the illicit market, "replacing" those substances that are prohibited at the legislative level. This paper describes psychotropic properties, metabolism, methods of consumption, clinical features, associated with use of NPS.

Low efficacy of therapy, frequent transplant rejections and lack of donor material determine the necessity to look for more advanced methods to treat corneal dystrophies. This paper describes potential of up-to-date stem cell technologies in treatment of corneal dystrophies. The article views the types of stem cells, their features. Success of clinical application of stem cells in a complex treatment of corneal diseases are also discusses here.

This article provides an overview of the current scientific medical literature, summarizing the results of scientific research regarding intestinal microbiocenosis and its effect on the development and formation of atopic dermatitis in children. Intestinal microflora is a difficult community of microorganisms with certain quality and quantity characteristics. The violation of the composition of intestinal biocenosis is accompanied by the development of allergic and immunopathological conditions. Carrying a large functional load, the intestinal microflora is involved in the genesis and maintenance of pathological disorders during atopic dermatitis.

Purpose of the review is to analyze modern data on colorectal cancer (CRC). Colorectal cancer has recently become one of the most urgent medical and social problem, which requires the closest attention of researchers. Colorectal cancer can be as a family hereditary non-lipoid (Lynch syndrome), hereditary with familial adenomatosis and sporadic (non-hereditary). The risk of CRC depends on the duration of the disease in patients with ulcerative colitis, as well as on the extent of the colon lesion, presence of the combination with primary sclerosing cholangitis, the presence of CRC in blood relatives. The problem is still far from being solved - further studies are needed to determine the causes and mechanisms of development of precancerous changes in the colon and CRC; we need to improve the methods of surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment of patients and preventive measures of the disease.

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids, biological substances that affect the process of vital activity of the cell and the whole organism. The main depot of gangliosides is the gray matter of the brain, where it constitutes 10-12% of the lipids of the neuronal membrane. Disturbance of ganglioside metabolism leads to serious pathological consequences - gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs disease, Sandgoff disease, Landing disease, etc.). Being important components of neuronal membranes, gangliosides participate in intracellular and extracellular metabolism, signal transduction, adhesion, affect the structure of the brain during development, maturation and aging. This review presents the results of studies of gangliosides structure, their significance in the emergence of various pathological processes, manifestation of a multimodal neurotrophic effect, an assessment of the role of gangliosides in neuroplasticity, the effect of it expression on the change in memory function and learning, and the use of gangliosides as a potential therapeutic tool for treating various forms of acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

The review of Russian and foreign literature is presented on the problem of arterio-mesenteric duodenal compression. Issues of etiology, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of the disease are considered here. The paper also presents the questions of indications and choice of surgical treatment with the long-term results analysis.

Basic researches in molecular oncology and advances of clinical science emphasize the importance of metastatic spread as the key process in the oncogenesis. Studying migrative and invasive capacities of cancer cells, as well as determination of mechanisms of cancer development are important for prevention, diagnostics and design of novel methods of cancer treatment.

Short bowel syndrome is a severe condition, which developed as a result of a massive small bowel resection and manifests itself as a chronic intestinal failure. Treatment of children with SBS is a complex problem. Chronic intestinal failure is managed with long-lasting parenteral nutrition, which is a vital element of treatment of such patients. However, long-lasting parenteral nutrition increases risks of life-threatening complications. Nowadays the most effective treatment of short bowel syndrome is considered to be longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring, and serial transverse enteroplasty. These methods increase contact between nutrients and mucosa and reduce intestinal stasis. This is achieved by increasing the length of the intestine, narrowing its lumen. Both methods are safe and effective procedures and each of the methods has its own peculiarities.

The paper рresents the stages of formation and activity of sanitary-epidemiological service on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The features of the service in the preparation and organization of international events are shown.